蔣發，姓蒋名發，字雲渠，學名一桂，懷慶溫邑東小留村（今西水運）人，生於明萬歷二年（1574），卒於清康熙九（1670）年，明末清初武術家，太極拳泰鬥。
蔣發師從明朝太極宗師王宗岳，
蔣髮系陳王廷師父! ! ! !
唔係陳王廷的徒弟！ ！ ！ ！ ！
陳王廷系蔣發宗師嘅二徒弟，僅是陳家拳械嘅創編者，陳王廷不係太極拳創編人！
陳鑫在民國十七年(1928年)寫《辨拳論》:
前明有父女從雲南至山西，住在汾州府汾河小王莊，將拳棒傳子王氏。 (按:指王宗岳，其家鄉小王莊，經已查明，在山西陽城縣東冶鎮內，並非汾州府)河南溫東劉村(小留村)蔣姓得其傳，人稱僕夫，此事容或有之至言陳氏拳法，得於蔣氏非也。陳氏之拳不知仿自何人?白陳氏遷溫帶下就有太極拳。後攻此拳者，代不乏人。如明之奏庭(王廷)，清之敬柏、季好平不可勝數。後有趙堡鎮邢西(喜)懷、張宗禹，又後陳清平、牛發虎皆稱名手。陳必顯不摸原由，謂學於蔣氏，大為背謬。
可見當時陳溝有人（陳必顯）承認蔣發是陳王廷之師。
陳氏太極拳傳承譜系，把老師蔣發變成陳王廷弟子，真正的霸凌者滅祖。更卑鄙的是，將陳王廷之名改為明朝學士「陳王庭」之名，祖宗的名字都亂改一氣，無恥！
陳氏太極後人不知何故，妄該族譜，自相矛盾明矣!為何?陳長興教非祖傳拳而不被溝里人允許，陳溝遂有兩處教拳場所－這個歷史沒法毀滅滴!
溝里人也明白陳長興學拳教拳的拳架來自外面(蔣發傳)……某些不肖子孫因名利故，欲著述泯滅之~豈知世人不都是傻子呀😄!?
中央電視台曾以《尋找太極張三豐》為題，訪問了武當山、遼寧張三豐故鄉和陳家溝。陳派太極拳傳人，拿出了陳氏宗祠的一幅遺像。遺像上畫著陳王廷和蔣發。當中央電視台記者問道，蔣發的像為什麼跟陳王廷畫在一起？陳家溝人回答：蔣發是陳王廷的長工，關係很好，見陳王廷畫像讓後輩祭祀，想到自己當長工沒娶妻室，無後人祭祀，當時就哭了。陳王廷就叫人把蔣發的像畫到自己一起，接受子孫燒香祭祀。
這種解釋難以自圓其說。畫像懸掛陳氏宗祠，讓後輩子永久祭。莫說在等級森嚴的封建社會不可能，就是現在也難做到。試想一個打工的人，老闆會平白無故把他的像畫到自己一起讓子孫紀念？除非這個長工（如今叫打工的），與老闆有特殊關係。什麼特殊關係？陳王廷畫的圖是叫後輩子紀念他是太極拳宗師，蔣發居然也在上面，他與蔣發是什麼特殊關係？這裡絕不是“主僕關係”，而是“師徒關係”，即：蔣發是師，陳王廷是徒。非這種關係，這張圖就無法解釋。其實，就在1931年，唐豪到陳家溝調查太極拳史的時候，陳家溝人實事求是的對他說“蔣發為陳王廷之師”，就連唐豪後來寫的《太極拳研究》中，也不得不承認：「蔣為奏庭之師，合於畫像」。
將眾多的外姓人掛在一個1931年才面世的【陳式太極拳】的名下，是【陳氏家族理事會】
最下三濫的無恥行徑！ ！ ！陳溝後人為了樹立陳王廷創拳說，對於蔣發，一說為友，一說為僕，一說為奴，現又有弟子之說，如果不是蔣發蔣把式對陳王廷恩重如山，怎麼可能合於畫像供後人祭拜？陳溝後人欺師滅祖令人作嘔！掛「太極拳」之羊頭，買「砲捶」之狗肉，追名逐利，一切皆有可能。
前明有父女從雲南至山西，住在汾州府汾河小王莊，將拳棒傳子王氏。 (按:指王宗岳，其家鄉小王莊，經已查明，在山西陽城縣東冶鎮內，並非汾州府)河南溫東劉村(小留村)蔣姓得其傳，人稱僕夫，此事容或有之至言陳氏拳法，得於蔣氏非也。陳氏之拳不知仿自何人?白陳氏遷溫帶下就有太極拳。後攻此拳者，代不乏人。如明之奏庭(王廷)，清之敬柏、季好平不可勝數。後有趙堡鎮邢西(喜)懷、張宗禹，又後陳清平、牛發虎皆稱名手。陳必顯不摸原由，謂學於蔣氏，大為背謬。
可見當時陳溝有人（陳必顯）承認蔣發是陳王廷之師。
陳氏太極拳傳承譜系，把老師蔣發變成陳王廷弟子，真正的霸凌者滅祖。更卑鄙的是，將陳王廷之名改為明朝學士「陳王庭」之名，祖宗的名字都亂改一氣，無恥！
陳氏太極後人不知何故，妄該族譜，自相矛盾明矣!為何?陳長興教非祖傳拳而不被溝里人允許，陳溝遂有兩處教拳場所－這個歷史沒法毀滅滴!
溝里人也明白陳長興學拳教拳的拳架來自外面(蔣發傳)……某些不肖子孫因名利故，欲著述泯滅之~豈知世人不都是傻子呀😄!?
中央電視台曾以《尋找太極張三豐》為題，訪問了武當山、遼寧張三豐故鄉和陳家溝。陳派太極拳傳人，拿出了陳氏宗祠的一幅遺像。遺像上畫著陳王廷和蔣發。當中央電視台記者問道，蔣發的像為什麼跟陳王廷畫在一起？陳家溝人回答：蔣發是陳王廷的長工，關係很好，見陳王廷畫像讓後輩祭祀，想到自己當長工沒娶妻室，無後人祭祀，當時就哭了。陳王廷就叫人把蔣發的像畫到自己一起，接受子孫燒香祭祀。
這種解釋難以自圓其說。畫像懸掛陳氏宗祠，讓後輩子永久祭。莫說在等級森嚴的封建社會不可能，就是現在也難做到。試想一個打工的人，老闆會平白無故把他的像畫到自己一起讓子孫紀念？除非這個長工（如今叫打工的），與老闆有特殊關係。什麼特殊關係？陳王廷畫的圖是叫後輩子紀念他是太極拳宗師，蔣發居然也在上面，他與蔣發是什麼特殊關係？這裡絕不是“主僕關係”，而是“師徒關係”，即：蔣發是師，陳王廷是徒。非這種關係，這張圖就無法解釋。其實，就在1931年，唐豪到陳家溝調查太極拳史的時候，陳家溝人實事求是的對他說“蔣發為陳王廷之師”，就連唐豪後來寫的《太極拳研究》中，也不得不承認：「蔣為奏庭之師，合於畫像」。
將眾多的外姓人掛在一個1931年才面世的【陳式太極拳】的名下，是【陳氏家族理事會】
最下三濫的無恥行徑！ ！ ！陳溝後人為了樹立陳王廷創拳說，對於蔣發，一說為友，一說為僕，一說為奴，現又有弟子之說，如果不是蔣發蔣把式對陳王廷恩重如山，怎麼可能合於畫像供後人祭拜？陳溝後人欺師滅祖令人作嘔！掛「太極拳」之羊頭，買「砲捶」之狗肉，追名逐利，一切皆有可能。
蔣發第四代，往上王宗岳，，，，王之上有沒有記載？ 陳王庭是二徒弟，那麼起碼還有一個大徒弟，是誰？太極拳界最大的歷史鬧劇（也可稱為笑話）
－陳家溝沒有敢叫陳王廷的，唐豪、顧留馨可以給你造出一個來；清王廷絕不會容忍任何姓氏的“王廷”存在，陳家溝偏能給你立個“陳王廷像」豎在那裡；
陳王廷的原型陳奏庭明明是個賣主求榮的民族敗類，陳家溝陳氏門人偏偏要樹他做太極拳創始人！
A Study on Jiang Fa , the Second Generation Grandmaster of Northern Tai Chi (Author: Ouyang Xuezhong)
1. The common founder of the six major sects Jiang Fa is the successor of Wang Zongyue, the first generation master of Northern on of Wang Zongyue, the first generation master . made indelible contriions to the inheritance, the first generation master . made indelible contriions to the inheritance, the first generation master . made 產品to the inheritance, the first generation master . made 產品to the inheritance, & opment and Heluis A. not only the founder of Zhaobao Tai Chi, but also the common ancestor of the six modern schools (Zhaobao, Chen, Yang, Wu, Heu, Sun). is the second generation master of Northern Tai Chi . Some people may not under this generation master of Northern Tai Chi . Some people may not under this statement. Gu Liuxin completely denied or belittled the outstanding pioneers of the Ming Dynasty, Wang Zongyue and Jiang Fa, in order to lish the Ming Dynasty, Wang Zongyue and Jiang Fa, in sting toestalishing Q. order to establish Chenenting in the early Qing Dynasty as the 000 yes the 000hy offy 00sty as the。 a影響to a person, lived to later Qian cian perioder the Q. ; Jiang Fa was completely denied and prominently promoted that he was Chen Wangting's servant and disciple, reversing the teacher-student relationship. 貼身. Therefore, later generations rarestly k abouter。 Jiang Fa's life aeve. deceived by Tang and Gu feel surprised and difficult to understand for a while. Xu Zhiyi (1892-1968), a famous Wu-style Tai Chi master, said in his book "A Brief in his book Brief Intuction to Tairod in inuction" 19277: "Afterfeng , the one who received his true teachings was Wang Zongyue from Shanyou. Wang wrote many articles such as "Tai Chi Boxing Theory" and "Explanation of Gong Xin."i on. exquiite and concise exquis. and concise. What down. today" here refers to the five schools known at that time, namely Chen, Yang, Wu, Wu, and Sun, as well as the ancient Zhaoban. Chen Changxing passed on his teach as the ancient Zhaoban. Chen Changxing passed on his teach as the ancient Zhaoban。 Chenin, and Chenings passen Qing Qing pass Chenings of which were based on Wang Zongyue's boxing manuals and boxing techniques。論文。
is true for all disciples of Wang Zongyue and Jiang Fa. This is truen for s is sh. name added here? Because Wang Zongyue's boxing manual and techniques were passed down by the only successor, Jiiang Fa. Although on passed down by the only successor, Jiang Fa. Although on. Jiang Fa's only successor, Jiang Fa. Alhouthough yue Jiang Fa's only successor, Jiang Fa. Alhouthough yue Jiang Fa's efforts mote and shvvel't's 影響's vvvvvvis's efforts mote and shvvel't's 影響's vvvvvvis's Therefore, Wangjhoue't't. the master of Northern School Taiabout master of Northern School Tai, master of Northern School Tai, master of please see the appendix of this article:"A Brief Table of the Origin of Northern Tai Chi".
2. Jiang Fa's Early Activities (1574-1605)
(I ) Study on the Year of Jiang Fa's Birth
Jiang Fa was born in Xiaoliu Village, a few miles east of Zhaobao Town, Wen County, Henan Province. He was born in the second year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty (1574 AD). This birth year was confirmed by several bches the Zever such as the He Zhaoyuan branch, the Zhang Yingchang branch, and the Ren Changchun branch) as the secranch) the reign the reign of the Ming Dynasty. This is evidence left in written records in the history of boxing. It is the first-hand material passed togene geneby Jiang toth toth material passed to geneby Jiang; Fa himself to his disciple Xing Xihuai, and there about . some people were skeptical because they believed in the false rumors of the pseudonymous "Chen Changxing Preface" (abbreviated as "Chenyfaces"). The henson for leuple the final the is that the "Chen Preface" was spread earlier and had already 1990an read The credible historical materials of Zhaobao began to appear in 1935 when Duconnhua published "The Aentic Taiions 對Acc. know the truth before the "Chen Preface" that exposed the false rumors was published. Now, get is time to exposed the false rumors was published. Now, getit rid the f. truth.
Since the 20th century, rumors from outside have seriously interfered with Jiang Fa's era and historical facts. It is said that "Jiang Fa lived during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty" and that during the reign many famous people, and there is a pseudonymous "Preface to Chen Changxing" which uses Chen Changxing's own tone to say that he "received instruction from Jiang Fa for twenty years", making itous btable, Instruction from Jiang Fa for twenty years", making itous bronin , fal, finin Chenjiagou, left a message in Chen's "Wenxiutang Boxing and Weapon Manual" when he was eighty years old (1928), and the people of Jie Village could no longer say that "Jiang Fa was the teacher of Chen 低. enk Ming Dynasty, and "Jiang Bashi" (referring to Jiang Fa) lived during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. People from different times cannot be teachers. In addition, another legend was spread in 1984, saying that when Wu Tuen in penend was spread in 1984, saying that when Wu Tuen in aided was spread spened Changxing was middle-aged, he was practicing boxing with his sons, nephews and apprentices. Jiang Fa was watching and laughed. Chen Changxing went forward to chase him, but Jiang Fa turned around and felln to tnel the kell then to tnel the turned turned around and felln to tnel the kell then to tnel the turned then to tnel to the yang 相同down and begged to be his disciple. " can echo "Chen Xu" from a distance. There are three theories as evidence. However, the real information about Zhaobao Taijiquan was unknown before 1935. When famous masters from all wrian the an before 1935. When famous masters from all wrian
the saying of long 書 " wrian wr. spread. As the saying goes, "three people make a tiger", and many famous masters have repeatedly spread it for decades, which made the society believe it to be true. Later, Du Yuanhua's "Taijciety believe it to be true。 born in the second year of Wanli in 。
•
The so-called "Chen Preface" was not written by Chen Changxing. There is no such preface passed down in Chenjiagou, nor in the Yang family. It was passed down by Li style Tai Chi. Chenagou not noting by Li style Tai Chi. Chenjiagou does not recoize the saying that "Jiang the Faedenjiagou artpassed that "Jiang to enjiag . The generally recognized "Chen Family Genealogy" in Chengou wrote about Chen Changxing's master: "Changxing, the passing fanging, the passing . the skills passed down by his father, and his father Bingwang eived the Jixia
The "Wang Pu" obtained by Chen Changxing was passed down from Chen Jixia to Bingwang, and then to Changxing. There is also a joint statue of Jiang Fa and Chen Wangting in the ancestral hall of Chengou, which shows that Jich which ang Fa in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. It is impossible for him to live to the Jiaqing era (1796-1820) and pass it on to Chen Changxing. The Zhaobao Taijiquan School passed by Jiang Fa does not recoize the saying that "Jiang Fa表 話not recognize it, the "Chen Xu" from other
places is naturally invalid. The author personally went to Zhaobao to investigate in June 2001, and the locals unanimously believed that there was no "Qian Jiang Fa in long Jiang. "Qian . to Chen Xin's previous statements, he also said that Jiang Fa lived in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and was a contemporary of Chen Wangting. However, in order to cover up the fact that "Jiang Fa to Chen Wangting", he lied in his later years that Jiang Fa lived during the Qianlong period, and signaled the villagers not to talk about Jiang Fa teaching Chen Wangting. The original texts of his previous statements are as follows:
(1) In Chen Xin's “Chen Wang Familygyengy” (written before 1919), it says: “Wyuing and Liyuing and Liyu ain military candidate from Dengfeng, were on good terms. Dengfeng was in turmoil due to the oppression of officials.
First. The public stopped him, and when he went up the mountm, up the rained ups up the the mountain, but he could not hurt him. He met an up the the mountain, but he could not hurt him. He met an my, He met and he was unable to catch up with him after three rounds of defense. When he was defeated, a man named Jiang served him, who was the one he chased that day. He could chase a rabbitps and hundred ste steps also good at boxing. "The one name Jiang who ed steps also good at boxing. "The one named Jihim who ed steps also the ed to Jiang Fa. Chen Shaodong, grandson of Chen Xin, wrote an article in Wulin magazine, issue 12, 1992, page 6, confirming that "the 花who served 1992, page 6, confirming that "the one who pserved him Jil. "
(2) Chen Xin wrote "Discrimination of Boxing" on the second day of the ninth lunar month in the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928) (quoted from the Appendix of "Japanese Taijiq Manual" compiled ual He compiled from the Appendix of "Japanese Taijiq Manual" compiled ual He compiled page ). The full text is as follows: "In the previous Ming Dynasty, a father and daughter came from Yunnan to Shanxi and lived in Xiaowang Village, Fenhe, Fenzhou Prefecture. They passed on their boxing skills to their son Wang. (Note: Wang Zongyue, whose. in Dongyeue, whose. Yangcheng County, Shanxi Province, not Fenzhou Prefecture.) A Jiang surnamed Jiang from Wendong Liu Village (Xiaoliu Village) in Henan Province inherited his skills and was called Pu Well, this may be true, but it is not Who to say that Chen's uping that did Chen's boxing imitate? It is said that Taijiquan was created when Chen moved to the temperate zone. There were many people who practiced this boxing in later generations. For example, Wang Ting in the Ming Dynasty, Jing Bo and Ji Haoping in Qing D. were Xing Xi (Xi) Huai and Zhang Bo and Ji Haoping in Qing D. were Xing Xi (Xi) Huai and Zhang Zong later Chen Qingping and Niu Fahu were all famous masters. Chen Bixian did not know the reason and said that he learned it from Jiang, which is a big mistake。 from the pre-Ming Dynasty, not Qianlong.
(3) On September 23, 1988, Chen Xin left a message on the Wenxiutang Boxing and Weapon Manual, which reads: "Chen's boxing has been famous since the Yuan D. not taught by Jiang (Jiang Fa). By the time of Chen Zouting (Wang Ting), there were countless masters before the Ming Dynasty. After Chen Zouting, there were also countless masters. In short, Chen Zouting was a Ming Dynashow person Jiang Bashim. wrote "Ba Shi", referring to Jiang Fa) who lived during the Qianlong period, say that "Chen's boxing was passed down (inherited) from Jiang". This statement is completely wrong, and Jiang did not claim to be not
. the two texts, and Jiang did not claim to be not . the two texts, it can be 205in n texts, scan in Fa changed from a "pre-Ming" person to a "Qianlong" person. It can be seen that in order to bring glory to the Chen family, Chen Xin did not hesitate to make up lies to cover up the historical fact that "Jiang Fa taught Wangenangting boxing". Therefore, the villagers did not listen at all. When Tang Hao visited in 1931, the villagers still said that "Jiang Fa was Chen Wangting's teacher", which shows that the "Qianlong" statement is not enough.
As for the legend spread in 1984, it is said that when Wu Tunan visited Chenjiagou in 1917, Chen Xin told Wu: "Chen Changxing, a member of the Chen clan, led his sons, nephebox and the his sons, nephebox and appterices on. the autumn harvest one year. At this time, a man came to watch. When he saw the excitement, he laughed out loud. He knew that he was being rude and turned around and ran away. Chhimen that was being rude and turned around and ran away. Chhimened fier that. fier , he stretched out his hand and grabbed the man's shoulder. The man turned around suddenly and Chen fell out and fell to the ground. Chen Changxing got up and wanted to become his apprentice. This person was Jiang Fa, who opened tofus person in Xrentice person, who opens in washo opens. Master Jiang Fa, who opened a tofushop in Xrenti' on his way back to Henan to visit his mother and passed by here." This legend is also believable. However, Chen Xin's consistent guiding ideology contradicts this. Chen Xin wanted to bring glory to the ideology contradicts this. Chen Xin wanted to bring glory . denied the bring glory f that "Ji使用, that historbox, that the histor. ". Therefore, he would never make up a lie and admit that Chen Changxing's boxing was taught by Jiang Fa, a person of another surname. This would also damage the honor the enance family. Whether Chen Xin madesmed remark scan iat withr notcan made secondary evidence.
From this examination, we can conclude that Jiang was born in the second year of the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1574 AD), which is the banli period of the Ming Dynasty (1574 AD), which is the birth year passed downby hiple is the bjire 3 是 Fajple 3 是 Fajple to sh 3. his birth year passed down by Jiang Fa to his disciple hisihuate, and reacc
(II) Jiang Fa's apprenticeship, acceptance of disciples, and establishment of his school
When Jiang Fa was young, he liked martial arts and practiced external boxing. When he was 22 years old (1596), he was practicing boxing with young people in Zhaob Street. He hamened phuticing boxing with young people in Zhaob Street. He hamened Hehuhamia obmans inkotia in 它） He hanga ihion. He hangened jung people in Zhaob Street。 Yangcheng County, Shanxi Province, and his entourage. They were going to Zhengzhou to check their business and stayed in Zhaobao before crossing the Yellow River. They were also watching the young man practicing was was founding was was founding was was was foundtic was was founding was was was wasial that wasial found suitable for training. Moved by Jiang Fa's s. of Tai Chi internal strength, techniques and boxing theory, but also comprehensively trained in literary talent, Tai Chi philphy and martial arts ethics, literary amaster, Tai Chi philphy and martial arts ), 片場ple yial wasterary . 1603), he returned home after completing his apprenticeship. Wang Zongyue said, "When you return home, this art cannot be passed on carelessly. It's not that Ion''less pass it on's won thet pass it on to you, but I won to pass pass it person. If I find the right person, I will teach him everything. If I don't pass it on to the right person, it will be like having no descendants. It's better to pass it on to many people." Jiang Fa followed his teacher's order and looked for pple . In the second year of Yue (1605), he accepted Xing Xihuai from Zhaobao Street as his apprentice. There were successors from generation to generation, forming the ancient school of Zhaobao Tai Chi.caration to generation, Beca the ancient school of Zhaobao Tai Chi. was the first gene was the fircao was from Zhaobao, he was the first gene was
the first passed to the fourth generation head, Chen Jingbai, it was introduced to Chenjiagou, and Chen-style Tai Chi officially rose in the Qiciianlong erar. Yang and Wu all belong to the inheritance of Jiang Fa - X 6ihuang and Wu all belong to the inheritance of Jiang Fa - Xxihuang - Chen Jingbai. The predecessor Li Yishe said in the "Preface to Taijiquan" of "Five-Character Formula": "I don't know who Taijiquan? Its subtlety and ingenuity are explained in detail by Wang Zongyue! Later, it was introduced to the Chen family in Chenjiagou, Henan. There are only a few people who are wise and enlightened in each generation." The introduction of "Wang Puh" to Chenjii in in each heriang s in heriang; Fa, which is undeniable.
Zhaobao Tai Chi was passed down to the seventh generation headmaster Chen Qingping, who recruited many disciples and passed it on to Wu Yuxiang, who then derived Wu Style Tai Chi, and then derived Sun leancet. he is also the second generation master of Northern Tai Chi.
This historical fact exposes the fallacy of Gu Liuxin's claim that "the origin of Tai Chi in the world is Chengou". The are two key (1) Chengou's boxing skills and boxing manual were created by Chen Jrdin, the pled Fa. (
2) The Wu and Sun sects originated from the seventh generation leader of Zhaobao, Chen Qingping, and have nothing to do with Chenjiagou。
and prime years
(1605-1640) The middle-aged and prime years are the golden age of a person's career. This is also true for Jiang Fa's contribution. However, there are few records in the aotory of Zobocan obom the hican obcan the his 片. few records in the history of Zhaobao style boxing。 brief summary.
During these 35 years, Jiang Fa trained his disciple Xing Xihuai, who has become a successful successor. Xing also accepted his sworn brother Zhang Chu？ burden of promoting the cause of Tai Chi.
Jiang Fa focused on the research and innovation of boxing theory, and his main achievements include:
1. In order to boxularize Wang Zongyue's boxing manual, he wrote 37 boxularize Wang Zongyue's boxing manual, he wrote 37 boxboxing exations, whiched this set of boxing explanations "Tai Chi Fa Shuo" and his son Wu Gong
Zao published it in his 1935 book “Taijiquan Lecture Notes”. Yang Zhenji also published the copy kept by Chen and Yi fept by Chen and fso pubepted the copy kept by Chen and Yi fept by Chen and fept. by Chen and fso published the copy kept by Chen and per fept by Chen and fso published the copy kept by Chen and per fept by Chen and feptix of Yang Chengfu Style Taijiquan” in 1992 for the public to share. Modern boxers treas such thisman very. with Wang Zongyue's ancient manual to make it more brilliant.
2. The ancient name of ing, "Thirteen Postcainguan, "Thirtname reures", ancient" In Wang Zongyue's series of boxing theories, there is no name of "Taijiq", which are collective reirtue ". In the 37 boxing explanations written by Jiang Fa, there is no name of "Taijiquan", but the is "Taiji" very frequently, such as "Taiji Circle", "Taiji Advance and Retreat", "Taiji Up and Down Name Heai and Earth", "Taiji Advance and Retreat", "Taiji Up and Down Name Heaiji Body and Use Explanation", "Taiji Civil and Martial Explanation", "Taiji Understanding Strength Explanation", "Human Body Taiji Explanation","Taiji Divided into Three Forms of Civil and Martial Arts Explanation", "Taiji Zhenggong Explanation", "Big and Small Taiji" and so on.
Explanation of the "Thirteen Postures" boxing theory is guided by the Tai Chi theory. Using "Tai Chi" as the name of the boxing reflects its philosophy, which is more appropriate than naming the techniques "Eight Gates" and "Five Steps". Changing the name is the general trend. Jiang Fa said in "Explanation of Big and Small Tai Chi": "The world is a big Tai Chi, and the human body is a small Tai Chi. The human body is the body of Tai Chi, and it is necessary to practice Tai Chi boxing ." "Tai Chi boxing" is used here instead of "Tai Chi boxing", which means it is on the eve of changing its name to "Tai Chi boxing". The last sentence of the book says: "This does not use turbid force and is purely divine, and the effect is remarkable!
The master said and "Extremely soft " then extremely hard." This is what he meant. "Here, Wang Zongyue's famous sentence "Extremely soft and then extremely hard" is quoted, and Wang Zongyue is called "the master", so it can be known that the author is undoubtedly Jiangal. " and promoted them as the title "Taijiquan Theory", added the three words "This is the theory" at the end of the text, and attached a hundred chapters to the text saying: "This theory is veryvery important, and the word Kaiyuan is a foil. People who are not born with wisdom cannot understand it. The master was unwilling to pass it on casually, not only to select people, but also to fear that the effort would be wasted." This is the true portal，that the effort would be
。 . He created the Zhaobao Secret Boxing Manual, "General Song and Interpretation of the Body and Use" and "Diagram of the Origin of the Thirteen Forms of Taijiquan". (For these two manuals, please refer to the book "Study and Analysis of Du Yuanhua's "The Authentic Taijiquan book "Study and Analysis of Du Yuanhua's "The Authentic Taijiquan""" -authored by Wang Haizhou and Yan Hanxiu, pages 163-164 and 167) The manual notes "naming the thirteen forms", "this is the real secret", "never underr. , which is the secret of the secrets of the Zhaobao School. It is the result of Jiangvel Fa's secrets of the Zhaobao School. It is the result of Jiangvel creative of Jiangative of Wang Zongyue's boxing theory.
When Duanhua publicly taught this secret cuse at Henials Provins, this this secrets this this alvins） ？ secrets. Unexpectedly, I have now obtained the secret Tai Chi Boxing Explanation of Thirteen Types written by Mr. Du Yuwan (Yuanhua). Now that I am a fellow enthusiast,I feel that Tai Chi Boxing live that I am a fellow enthusiast,I feel that Tai Chi Boxing lives up to its livename." It can be seen that Jiang Fa made outstanding contributions in theory.
4. Jiang Fa was the first to transform the single-style exercise of "Thirteen Postures" Changquan into a fixed Tai Chi boxing routine by repeating " Changquan into a fixed Tai Chi boxing routine by repeating " Changquan gain : Inover Wang Zongyue's era, "Thirteen Postures" (ChChangquanave a routine.
In Jiang Fa's early work "Explanation of Fifty-three Postures of Changquan", he said: "Practice hard, one posture and one form at a time. After mastering them, combine them into a long one, continuous and mastering them, combine them into a long one, continuous and mastering them, combine them . so one, continuously and over and over again. Changquan. You must not have a fixed posture, for fear that after a long time you will become a slippery fist, or you may become a hard fist." This shows that Jiang Fa did not have the idea of have routine in the early s did not have the idea of creating a routine in the early stage.
In Ans: book Tai 1930, Chen Weiming wrote: "I heard that Tai Chi was previously practiced in separate forms without continuity. Itould be bnow the separate forms into one.
In my humble opinion, it proly started with Mr. Wang. Wang Zongyue, bem humble oai it proibabn Lun" 有various titles, which are connected as one. Therefore, Mr. Zongyue's contribution to Tai Chi Quan is extremely great. If it had not been connected as one, it would have been lost 長 ago."
From this, it can uan would have been lost 長 ago." From , 學術Lun" was given by Jiang Fa, and the various names attached to it must have been after the publicuanation of "Taijiq Lun", and, and gun", were not created by Wang Zongyue. When Jiang Fa entered Chengou in his later years, he helped Chen Wangting the firstand the first the first the first the first he helped Chen Wangting the firstand the first the first the first the first round of Chen style Taijiquan routines, and also created the "Gui Chezan" routine for Kaifeng Puji Temple. The creator of the 9earli Jiang Fa.
5. He created a set of "ghost-chezan" boxing for Kaifeng Puji Temple. According to the xiartic' "ghost-chezan"" published by Chen Xudong in the November 1988 issue of "Wulin" magazine, "Shanxi Dingxiang County
The "ghostly" ing aidniquen to have been created by Jiang Fa, a boxer from Henan. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qyiing Dangxi of the Qhung, ,t.來自Xiaowang Village, Dingxiang County, was sentenced to three years of exile in Kaifeng Prefecture because his uncle Lao Er years of exile in Kaifeng Prefecture because his uncle Lao Er someidentally to pay someone acc uncle's kindness in raising him, Song Benyi escorted his uncle to Kaifengturn to Kaifeng home his term expired. Song Benyi settled in Kaifeng Puji Temple.
One night, he saw monks practicing together and liked it very much. After saw monks practicing together and liked it very much. After saw monks practicing together and liked it very much. After several finists and turngether and liked it . " Shanxi."The time and space described in this article are similar to Jiang Fa's time and region, which is more in line with historical facts.
6. Jiang Fa also has some lost boxing manuals waiting to be excavated. According to the note at the end of Du Yuanhua's "Dajiquan Zhengzong", "Master Jiang's Taijiq Zhengzong 有 eightong diagram and the diagrams of the thirteen techniques he drew in his lifetime are only seen twice. He drew it once with my senior brother Chen Sidian. Chen has
adddrawings besides this one. My brother Liu Ying Sidian. Chen has saddrawings besides this one. My brother Liu Ying Sidian.a . Now I will print one volume first, and the rest are being compiled. "(Seal of "Yu Wan") From this, we can see that. volumes handed down by Jiang Fa, only one was 。 trace, which was a pity. According to the family history of Chen Qingping written by Chen Zhongsen (a retired cadre of the Justice Bureau of Jiaozuo City, Henan Province) to the Zhaobao Tai Chi Association on September 9, 2000, 20obao Tai Chi Association on September 9, 2000, 20ob dulife the Anti-Japanre Warring wasJaved that during the -Ja His grandmother Chen Li (Chen Qingping's granddaughter-in-law) sold a batch of boxing manuals handed down by Chen Qing to teacher Zhang Ruinan from the same village (now lostboxs ping to teacher Zhang Ruinan from the same village (now lostbox). -cirents that could be sold at a high price to make a living. Among them must be the secret manuals of Jiang Fa mentioned by Du Yuanhua. The one that can be seen now is a discussion of "Taiji Boxing" in "Taiji Secret in compiled" compilji Wanging" Secret" compiled by Baiqing. It can be seen that Jiang Fa was in his middle and prime years.
He has made many contributions to the theory and skills of boxing.
In summary, Jiang Fa was famous and accomplished a lot in his middle and prime years. How famous and accomplished a lot in his middle and prime years. However, dhistor the lackever. erialsiddle and prime years. However, due to the lack of historical erials. cannot be reflected. This section only describes part of it.
IV. Activities in his later years (from 1640 to the end of his life)
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the political 1 in poverty, and the ppleals . rebel. As a result, peasant uprisings arose one after another, with Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong being the most prominent. In Henan, as in the rest of the country, peasants were forced to
Rebellion. Jiang Fa could not survive in the chaotic times, so he joined the peasant uprising team led by Li Jiyu in Dengfeng County and served as a general. It was between 1640 and eng County and served as a general. It was between 1640 and eng County and served as a general. It was between 1640 and 1643. Laobtera, Kaobrals, Ka 是。 , Luoyang and Xiangyang to besiege. Li Jiyu failed and died. Jiang Fa fled to another place and hid his name. It was not until the early Qing Dynasty that he drifted to Chenjiagou and was takenou and was takening in drifted to Chenjiagou and was takenou and was takening by Changenting as Change was takenou and was taken by Changenting as by Changenting as Changh was takene by Changenting as by Changenting as Changh was taken by Changenting as by Changents as was tap by Changent as by Chang; once. Chen Wangting was friendly with Li Jiyu in Dengfeng and was ordered by the government to persuade Li Jiyu to surrender. When he went up the mountain, he fought with Jiang Fa once. Chen Xin recorded in "Chen Family Genealogy": "The Dukeonce. went to Ji Yu on good terms. Dengfeng was in chaos due to officials' oppression, with Ji Yu as the leader. The Duke stopped it. When he went up the mountain, arrows rained down from the mountain, but the Duke could not hurt him. He metsed him, but he could but the Duke could not hurt him. He metsed him, but he could not the Duke could up with him after three rounds of the imperial camp. When Li Ji Yu was defeated, there was a servant named Jiang who was the Duke's. He was the one he chased that day. He could chase a rabbit a hundred steps away and wasbox aling" Chen Wangting and Jiang Faere a hundred steps away and wasbox aling" Chen Wangting and Jiang Faere originally en ies. Jiang Fa in and support him in his later years? The reason may be that when they fought at Yudai Mountain where Li Ji Yu was, Chen Wangting felt that Jiang Fa's Tai Chi was mysterious and undic Wangting felt that Jiang Fa's Tai Chi was mysterious and undic Wangting felt that Jiang Fa's Tai Chi was mysterious and undi table incx the courtyard and also learn from him. It was beneficial to the Chen family, so Chen Wangting treated Jiang Fa as a servant and Jiang Ba Shi on the outside, and as a friend on the inside, in order to absorb Jiang Fa's knowledge.
Jiang Fa was old, in order to absorb Jiang Fa's knowledge. Jiang Fa was old, in order to his seventies, with no one to rely on, so he had to spend his later years in Chenjiagou for the rest of his life.
The author has investigated the predecessors of Zhaobao about this period of history. Some said that Jiang Fa did not participate in Li Jiyu's rebellion, that Jiang Fa did not participate in Li Jiyu's rebellion, . his family was poor, he also worked at Chen Wangting's house. This is inconsistent with the records of Chenjiagou. Whether he went up the mountain to rebel or not must be clarified.
The research of this book adheres to the principle of emphasizing evidence over legend. Regarding the rebellion in the mountains, there is the following evidence: (1) The Genealogy of the Chen Family: Biography of Chen Wang records: "Whenting records: "Whening records: "Whent0 Jiyu failed, failed man named Jiang served him. He was the one who was chasing him that day. He could chase a rabbit a hundred steps away and was also good at boxing." Chen Xin's grandson Chen Shaodong wrote in Wulin magazine, issue 12, 1992, conf Thiman was page 1992, page 6, confir。 none other than Jiang Fa." (2) From 1928 to 1931, the people of Chengou Village praised Jiang Fa as Chen Wangyan's teacher, and added to Tang Hao's statement that Jiang Fa was a geneer, and added to Tang Hao's statement that Jiang Fa was a general under Listate
. of Xi'an wrote to Mr. Chen Bing of Chenjiagou Taijiquan School to inquire about Jiang Fa's situation and whether there was any inscription left. Mr. Chen Bing replied: "The only historical evidence about Jiang Fa is the portrait of Chideent histor. wsaying in the that the wsayly is wsaying is wsayly is wsaying in vsayly or 書Jiang Fa was a general of Li Jiyou. When Li failed and was destroyed, Jiang took refuge with Chen Wangyan, and was a servant and frifriend at home and wasyan, and was a servant and frifriend) and wasyan Bashi outside. The "bashi" here refers to people who uch "wheel-drawn". When Wang Ting was painted in his old age, Jiang Fa said: After a hundred years, there will still be people to pay tribute to you, but I am the only son, who will pity my parents . Chen sighed that the fate was established by hisle the portrait was passed on. During the Republic of China period, Chen Zhengshu, the 17th generation descendant of Wang Ting, often went to Yanghaiwa to pay tribute to Jiang Fa. Because Jiang Fa had a common sty v. person of differancet not have imagined that there would be an artificial gap in the origin of Tai Chi, involving Jiang Fa. Because there is no inscription in the history book, and Jiang Fa's age cannot be verified, it is only known that that 區 were were contempen ; yan. Chenjiagou, sparsely populated, and accidents happen frequently. The villagers think it is a place of right and wrong, so after Jiang Fa's death, Wang Ting's descendants took him to the temple.
Buried here to suppress evil."
All the above materials unanimously say that Jiang Fa was a general under Li Jiyou. The senior villagers of Chengou respected Jiang Fa as the teacher of Chen Wangting and would not distort his his Btory。 . However, the official and contemporary descendants of Chengou have accepted the lies of Tang and Gu. Chen has gained vanity. Chen Bing could not say that Jiang Fa was the teacher of Chen Wangting. Hechange on d. servant friend inside and Jiang Bfri outside." inside" is inappropriate. "Servant" and "friend" cannot coexist. It should be "servant friend inside and servant outside, called Jiang Bashi". Influenced by the views of Tang and Gu, Chen Bing added the word " before "friend" to adapt to the edsneation of the situore "friend" to adapt to the edsneation. From this, we can see that the so-called "servant" is a title that deceives the ears and eyes. In fact, they are teachers and friends, and they treat each other with courtesy.
Among the materials of Zobao, there there the materials of Zobso, there theobre the erial of materials of Zobso, there theobre the erial of materials of Zobso, there theobre the erials of materials of Zobso, there theobre the erials of materials of Zobso, there theobre the erials of materials of Zobso, there theobre the erial the material materials of obao, there there the materials of obao, there there the materials of obao, there there the materials of obao, there there the materials of obao, there there the materials of obao, there there the materials of obao, there there the erials of obao, there there the materials of obao, there there the erials of obao, the erials of obao ofobao, there there the erials of ob , there there the materials of obao, there there the materials of obao, there there the al. a genealogy table of the descendants of Huan Dahai given by Yang Bangtai, in which the biography of Jiang Fa also states that "when he encountered failure, he hid in Cheure and serv anonymously." The historical materials of the two factions are consist. Fa and Chen Wangting, which proves that "hid in Chengou and worked as a servant anonymously" is a fact.
As for whether Jiang Fa went up the mountain to rebel, there is no written evidence or witnesses to prove it, it is just a legangend ways lived at home and was helpless in his old age, his disciple Xn is, discipleh ai,' Chuchen, should have taken care of him in his old age and buried him in Zhaobao. This is in line with the traditional virtue of "once a teacher, a father for life".line with the traditional virtue of "once a teacher, a father for life".line with the traditional virtue of "once a teacher, a father for life".line with the traditional virtue of "once a teacher, a father for life".line with the traditional virtue of "once a teacher, a father for life". there is no legend that Xing Xihuai supported Jiang Fa. Jiang Fa was buried in Yanghaiwa, Cheansngou, which means that Xing Xihuai did not take care of him in his old age and see him to his death. This phenomenon does not mean. . In the old society, "the winner is the king and the loser is the bandit", and Jiang Fa was burdened with a heavy black pot. He didlic potant to impate to pot. He didlic pot. He didlic pot. his disciples 或 affect the sect he founded, implicate his disciples or affect the sect he founded, so heal whis other places. This is the consequence of his rebellion in the mountains. In addition, in an era when people were living in poverty, X. Jiang Fa first went to Chengou and received the courtesy of Chen Wangting to support him for life,so there was no need to add
It was Jiang Fa's own will to add burden to his disciples, and it was not Xing Xihuai's fault. Future his disciples, and it was not Xing Xihuai's fault. Future generhimations forgive servihuai's fault. Future generhim will forgive servihul
. the reputation of their faction, the predecessors of Zhaobao were unwilling to tell the truth and covered up the history of Jiang Fa's rebellion, which was passed down from generation to generation. This is a legday, the
feu some people use "anonymous servant" as the handle. in the first half of his life. This is unfair and is a sectarian interference in history. The evaluation of historical figures mainly depends on his contribution to cie ) outnot out nothi not is fhis nothibution to cie s. certain periodates, slysh unykly sh ceroc55h ”cer 555h 53h 535,005 as an outstanding Tai Chi master.
Jiang Fa
Jiang Fa lived in Chen Wangting's home, and in order to repay his kindness in supporting him, he alearn gave guidance to repay his kindness in supporting him, he al. and guided him to transform the Pao Chui supporting him, he al. and guided him to transform the Pao Chui headgear into the firheadgear into the firirst style Tai Chi, and also taught him the technique of double pushing hands, and dictated the "Song of Beating Hands" taught by Wang Zongyue. Because Chen Wangting was of noble not seek to become Jiang Fa's apprentice. Jiang Fa's teaching to those who were not in the apprentice. Jiang Fa's teaching to those who were not in the apprentice. outside, and he did not teach Tai Chi internal skills and "Wang Zongyue Boxing Manual". Therefore, the Tai Chi Kung Fu that Chen Wangting learned was still primary stage and could not be passed on to his children and grandchildren, forming a gap between woeverd , it popularized the preliminary foundation of Tai Chi for the people of Chengou Village, and also played a certain role in the pursuit and revival of its descend Theautong
PS: a scholar of Yang style Tai Chi and has no inheritance relationship with Zhaobao Tai Chi. The purpose of this on le an academic standpoint to eliminate the misleading of Tang and Gu and to restore history to its original appearance. It has no intention of supporting any partic hularage Iope hicge youst youstall hular sup hular supicn wicwry youst而且.)
(作者：歐陽學忠)
一、六大派的共同祖師
蔣發，是北派太極第一代宗師王宗岳的衣缽傳人，對太極拳事業的承前啟後、發揚光大，以及理論的發展，具有不可磨滅的功績。他不僅是趙堡太極拳派的創始人，也是現代六大派(趙堡、陳、楊、武、吳、孫)的共同祖師，是北派太極的第二代宗師。
這個提法，也許有些人不理解或不同意。因為唐豪、顧留馨為了樹立清初陳王廷為太極拳創始人，把明代的傑出先驅王宗岳、蔣發完全否定或貶低了。王宗岳則改為清乾隆時人晚於陳王廷；蔣發則完全否定，突出地宣傳他是陳王廷的僕人和弟子，顛倒了師生關係。故後人鮮知蔣發一生的功績。現在恢復其名譽和功績，會使受唐、顧蒙蔽的人感到突然，一時難以理解。
吳式太極名家徐致一(1892-1968年)在1927年著《太極拳淺說》中說得很中肯：「三豐之後，得其真傳者，始以山右王宗岳見稱。王氏述三豐遺論，著《太極拳論》、 《功心解》等多篇，說理精妙，言簡而賅，今所流傳者，實宗其說
。王宗岳的功績；不承認者，僅唐、顧及其少數擁有權勢的後繼者。 。不像今天那麼公開，任何人都可以抄出或購買。因此，古之拳師、傳人，凡是擁有「王譜」者，均是王宗岳、蔣發的遠代傳人或門人。
六大派無不如此，為什麼此處加上蔣發的名字呢?因為王宗岳拳譜及技法是依靠唯一傳人蔣發傳下的。王宗岳雖另有兩個弟子(獨生女與鄭州孫某)，但都失傳了。若無蔣的努力弘揚發展，「王譜」也會失傳而束之高閣。因此，王宗岳的歷史功績，也包含有蔣發的功勞在內。把蔣發尊為北派太極第二代宗師，當之無愧。有關北派源流，詳見本文附錄：《北派太極拳源流簡表》。
二、蔣發的早期活動(1574--1605年)
(一)蔣發出生年代考
蔣發，河南省溫縣趙堡鎮之東數裡的小留村人。出生於朋萬曆二年（公元1574年)。這個出生年份，在趙堡一派內的幾個分支(如和兆元一支、張應昌一支、任長春一支)，均-致確認是出生於明萬曆二年。這是拳史中有文字記載留下的證據，是蔣發本人對弟子邢喜懷傳述而世代傳下的第一手材料，無可懷疑。過去有人持懷疑態度，是因為相信託名的《陳長興序》(簡稱「陳序」)之訌傳。信訌不信真的原因，是因「陳序」傳出較早，在1910至1920年已造成影響，趙堡的可信史料，是從1935年由杜元化發表《太極拳正宗》才開始問世。依先入為主的印象，在未有揭穿訥誤的「陳序」以前，世人是難以認識真相的。現在，應是去訥存真的時候了。
二十世紀以來，外地的訥傳，嚴重干擾了蔣發的時代與史實。蔣發親傳陳長興這些蔣發是清乾隆時人”，並說“蔣發親傳陳長興這些訥傳，出自諸多名家之筆，並且有一份託名的《陳長興序》，以陳長興自述的口氣，說他“得蔣發傳授二十年”，使人相信。此外，還有陳家溝名人陳鑫在八十歲時(1928年)留言於陳氏「文修堂拳械譜」中，戒村人不能再說「蔣發是陳王廷之師」 。年訪問陳家溝時，陳鑫、吳圖南說：「陳長興在中年時，帶子侄孫練拳時，蔣發在旁觀看，哈哈一笑，陳長興上前追趕，被蔣發一回身，摔倒在地，陳即跪求拜師。 」與「陳序」可以遙相呼應，有此三說為據，而趙堡太極拳的真實信息，在1935年以前，無人知曉。各地名家著書時，競
相引用「乾隆」之說，廣為傳播。言語曰：“三人成虎”，數十年來諸多名家的反复傳播，竟使社會信以為真，對後來杜元化《太極拳正宗》所出的“蔣發生於明萬曆二年”，反認為訥誤，或者看成太極拳上有兩個「蔣發」。
作者對此反複驗證，確認所謂“乾隆蔣發”，實無其人。因為：
1.所謂「陳序」不是陳長興所寫，在陳家溝沒有此序傳下，楊氏也沒有傳下，而是於李派太極傳出。陳家溝不承認“蔣發傳陳長興”之說，在陳溝公認的《陳氏家乘》對陳長興的師承寫道：“秉旺子長興，盡傳其父學”，是父傳之技，其父秉旺則受陳繼夏之傳。
陳長興所獲的'王譜”，就是由陳繼夏傳秉旺，再傳長興的。又在陳溝的宗祠有蔣發與陳王廷的共像，說明蔣發是明末清初人，不可能活到嘉慶年代(1796-1820年)而傳陳長興。趙堡沒有「乾隆蔣發」其人。
2.查陳鑫歷年言論，也說蔣發為明末清初人，與陳王廷同時代，但晚年為了掩蓋「蔣發傳拳陳王廷」之史實，謊說蔣發是乾隆時人，示意村人不得再言蔣發傳陳之事，其歷次原文如下：
(1)在陳鑫執筆的《陳氏家乘·陳王廷傳》(1919年以前寫)內雲:「公(王廷)與登封武舉李際遇善。登封因官逼民亂，以際遇
為首。公止之，上山時，山上亂箭如雨，不能傷公。趕兔亦善拳者也。 」文中的「蔣姓於公者」指蔣發。陳鑫之孫陳紹棟於《武林》雜誌1992年第12期第6頁著文確認：「這一位僕於公者，不是別人，正是蔣發。 」
(2)陳鑫在民國十七年(1928年)農曆九月二日寫《辨拳論》(引自和有祿編著《和式太極拳譜·附錄》第271頁)全文如下:“前明有父女從雲南至山西，住在汾州府汾河小王莊，將拳棒傳子王氏。之敬柏、季好平不可勝數。
(3)陳鑫在民國十七年九月二十三日，在文修堂拳械譜上的留言，內雲：「陳氏之拳，元朝已有大名，我始祖(陳卜)在明初即有大名。此言大為背謬，蔣氏實不稱與陳奏庭當老夫子。
從兩篇文字看，相距二十天，蔣發便由「前明」人，變成「乾隆」人。可見，陳鑫為了為陳氏增光，不惜編造假話，以掩蓋「蔣發傳拳陳王廷」的史實。因此，村人根本不聽。 1931年唐豪來訪時，村人仍說“蔣發為陳王廷之師”，足見“乾隆”一說，不足為據。
至於1984的年傳出的傳說，說1917年吳圖南訪問陳家溝時，陳鑫對吳說：「陳氏族人陳長興，有一年秋收後，率子侄、徒弟在場上練拳，這時來了一個人觀看，看到熱鬧時，失聲一笑，他自知失禮轉身急走，陳長興在後猛追，眼看趕上，伸手在那人肩頭一抓，那人猛一回頭，陳就跌出去摔倒在地。開豆腐坊的蔣發師傅，回河南探母，路經此地。但查陳鑫一貫的指導思想，與此相矛盾，陳鑫既要為陳氏祖宗增光，對「蔣發傳拳陳王廷」的史實，尚矢口否認。因此，他絕不會自己編造謊言，承認陳長興之拳為外姓人蔣發所傳。這也同樣有損陳氏祖宗之榮譽。 1917年陳鑫是否有此言論，無第二份旁證可印證，不能確認。
由此檢驗，可以得出結論：蔣發生於明萬歷二年（公元1574年），這是蔣發對弟子邢喜懷傳下的生年，確鑿可靠。
(二)蔣發拜師、收徒、建派
蔣發少時喜武，習外家拳。二十二歲時(1596年)在趙堡街與青少年共同練拳，適遇山西省陽城縣小王莊的太極宗師王宗岳一行二人，因赴鄭州檢查生意，在渡黃河前投宿趙堡，也在觀看少年的練拳。發現蔣發的習武資質良好，適於培養，在蔣發懇求拜師之真誠感動下，允收為徒，帶回陽城縣小王莊家中長期培養。經過七年的傾囊而授，不僅在太極內功、技法拳理方面得真傳，也在文才、太極哲理和武德等方面，全面培養，成為文武全才的北派第二代宗師。二十九歲<1603年)滿師歸裡。王宗岳矚目曰：「汝歸家，此術不可妄傳。並非教汝不傳，是不得其人不傳，果得其人，必盡情教之。若得人不傳，猶如絕嗣，能廣傳更好。閱二年(1605年)，收趙堡街的邢喜懷為徒。代有傳人，形成了趙堡太極拳這一古老的門派。因為蔣發是趙堡人，所以就是趙堡太極拳的第一代掌門。又因傳到第四代掌門陳敬柏時，此術傳入陳家溝，陳式太極拳在乾隆時代正式興起。
所以，陳、楊、吳三派均屬於蔣發-—邢喜懷-—張楚臣－陳敬柏的傳承。前人李亦畬在《五字訣》的《太極拳小序》中早已說出：「太極拳不知始自何人?其精微巧妙，王宗岳論詳且盡矣!後傳入河南陳家溝陳姓，神而明者，代不數人。
趙堡太極拳傳至第七代掌門陳清平，廣收門徒，傳武禹襄便衍生出武式太極拳，再衍生出孫式太極拳。六大派之遠祖均可追溯至蔣發。因此，他亦是北派太極的第二代宗師。
這一史實，揭穿了顧留馨宣揚的「天下太極出陳溝」的謬論。關鍵有二：（1）陳溝的拳技、拳譜，是蔣發的三傳弟子陳敬柏所
授；（2）武、孫兩派源出趙堡第七代掌門陳清平所授，與陳家溝無關。
三、中、壯年時代的活動與成就
(1605-1640年)中年、壯年時代，是一個人在事業上最輝煌的黃金時代。對蔣發的貢獻來說，亦應如此。但在趙堡派的拳史中，記載甚少。只能依靠現存的古譜分析，作一鱗半爪的整理。
在這35年中，蔣發培養弟子邢喜懷，已成才接班。邢又收盟弟張楚臣為徒。在門派的成長、鞏固方面，打好了基礎，弟子們分擔了弘揚太極事業的重擔。
蔣發的重點，放在拳理的研究、創新方面，主要業績有：
1、為普及王宗岳拳譜，撰寫了三十七篇拳解，深入闡述太極拳理，後人吳鑑泉將此套拳解，名之為《太極法說》，其子吳公
藻在1935年著《太極拳講義》中已公之於世。楊振基也：陳楊家所存的抄本，於1992年在《楊澄甫式太極拳》一書的附錄中全文刊出，供世人共享。現代之拳家，對此譜甚為珍視，可與王宗岳古譜匹配而生輝。
2、將古之拳名“十三勢”，改名為“太極拳”。在王宗岳的系列拳論中，都沒有「太極拳」之名，統稱之為「十三勢」。在蔣發所寫的37篇拳解中，也沒有「太極拳」之名，但「太極」二字，使用極為頻繁，如《太極圈》、《太極進退不已功》、《太極上下名天地》、《太極體用解》、《太極文武解》、《太極懂勁解》、《人身太極解》、《太極分文武三成解》、《太極正功解》、《大小太極
解》等等。說明「十三勢」這一拳理，是以太極理論為指導的。用「太極」為拳名，體現出其哲理，比起用叫「八門」、「五步」之技法命名更為適當。改名已是大勢所趨，蔣發在《大小太極解》中有云：「天地為一大太極，人身為一小太極。人身為太極之體，不可不練太極之拳。」此處用「太極之拳”，而不用“太極拳”，即是處在改名為“太極拳”的前夕。譜最後雲：「此不用濁力純以神行，功效著矣!
先師雲：『極柔軟然後極堅剛。 ’蓋此意也。 ”此處引用王宗岳名句“極柔軟然後極堅剛”，稱王宗岳為“先師”，可知作者是蔣發無疑。後來，蔣發將「王譜」中對三豐拳訣三、四之釋文，抽出來重點推廣，賦以《太極拳論》之標題，文末加上「是為論」三字，並立一附百於文後曰： 「此論句句切要，開元一字陪襯，非有夙慧之人，未能悟也，先師不肯妄傳，非獨擇人，亦恐枉費工夫耳。」這就是蔣發命名「太極拳」的真實寫照。
3.創編了《總歌兼體用連結》和《太極拳十三式手法起源之圖》的趙堡秘傳拳頭。 (此二譜參見王海洲、嚴翰秀合著的《杜元化〈太極拳正宗〉考析》一書第163～164頁及167頁)該譜註明「命名十三式」、「此是真秘訣」 、「萬萬勿輕視」等語，是趙堡派內秘中之秘。是蔣發創造性地發展了王宗岳拳理的成果。
杜元化在河南省國藝術館公開傳授此秘術時，館長陳泮嶺觀後評價甚高。陳泮嶺為杜元化作序說：「餘酷嗜拳法，歷訪名家，望得其珍秘，不料今得杜先生育萬（元化）所著秘而不傳的太極拳解十三樣，公之同好，方覺太極拳名實相符。
4.蔣發首次將「十三勢」長拳的單式操演，周而復始，改為定型的太極拳套路：在王宗岳時代，「十三勢」(長拳)是沒有套路的。
蔣發前期著作《五十三勢長拳解》中說：「自己用功，一勢一式。用成之後，合之為長，滔滔不斷，周而復始，所以名長拳。萬不得有一定之架子，恐日久入於滑拳也，又恐入於
硬拳
也。愚意揣之，約始於王先生宗岳，因先生所作《太權拳論》有各式之名目，系連為一氣也，故宗岳先生對於太極拳術，其功絕偉，若不連成一氣，恐早失其傳矣
。名目，也必是《太極拳論》問世之後的事，並非王宗岳之創編。拳最早套路的創編者，應是蔣發。
5.為開封普救寺創編一套「鬼扯攢」拳術。根據《武林》雜誌1988年11期陳旭東發表的《山西「鬼扯攢」》一文說：「山西定襄縣
流傳的「鬼扯攢」拳術，相傳是河南拳師蔣發所創。意一直護送叔父到開封府，並住下來行乞，等待叔父期滿同歸
。之'鬼扯攢'拳法，後傳至山西。
6.蔣發還有一些已散失待挖掘的拳譜著作。據杜元化《大極拳正宗》一書末頁的附言雲：「蔣老夫子傳太極拳正宗共八冊。餘所編皆係餘師任老夫子（任長春）所傳。其一生所繪總圖及十三
樣手法之圖，僅兩見。筆者曾托友人河南沁陽市張傑先生到杜元化家鄉，向後人打聽拳頭下落，均無蹤跡，甚為可惜。生活困難，其祖母陳李氏(陳清平之孫媳)將陳清平傳家的一批拳頭，賣與同村的張瑞南老師(現己散失)，這批拳頭譜，並非早已流傳的王宗岳拳頭，而是很有價值的秘傳之譜，才能賣出高價以糊口。論述。
對拳理拳功是有很多貢獻的。
綜上所述，蔣發的中年、壯年時代，是負有盛名，有不少業績。但因史料缺乏，未能反映全貌，本節所述，只是局部而已。
四、晚年活動(1640年後至終年)
明末，政治腐敗，民不聊生，官逼民反。因此，農民起義蜂起雲湧，以李自成、張獻忠為最。在河南也如全國一樣，農民被迫
造反。蔣發在亂世中，也難以生存，因而投身於登封縣以李際遇為首的農民起義隊伍之中，任部將。時在1640--1643年間，後因明王朝調動開封、洛陽、襄陽三路大軍圍攻，李際遇失敗身亡，蔣發亡命他鄉，隱姓埋名。直到清初，才流落到陳家溝，被陳王廷收留為僕。陳王廷與蔣發曾有一面之遇，即陳王廷與登封之李際遇友善，曾奉官府之命往勸李際遇投降。上山時，與蔣發交手一次。陳鑫在《陳氏家乘》中記有：「公與登封武將往際遇善，登封因官逼民亂，以際遇為首。公止之。當上山時，山上亂箭如雨，不能傷
公。，已是古稀之年，無依無靠，只好在陳家溝度過晚年，
以
終其生。人能百步趕兔，亦善拳者也。 92年第12期第6頁著文確認：「這位僕於公者，不是別人，正是蔣發。」(2)1928～1931年，陳溝村人盛稱蔣發為陳王延之師，而對唐豪所說又補充蔣發是李際遇部將。
兩項說法相同，又在1996年西安原寶山先生曾函詢陳家溝太極拳學校陳炳先生，了解蔣發的情況及有無碑文留下。陳炳先生回函答覆：「關於蔣發其人，唯一史證是陳王廷畫像。村中古今廣傳之說為蔣發為李際遇部將，李事敗遭滅，蔣投靠陳王延，內為僕友，外曰蔣把式。 '把式
'是指做工種田之人，
如'車把式'。陳王廷之師，不會扭曲他的歷史，可以相信。 ，只能改稱「內為僕友，外曰蔣把式」 。 「內稱僕友」二字不當，「僕」與「友」不能同存，應是「內為友，外為僕，稱蔣式」。因受唐、顧觀點影響，陳炳在「友」之前加一「僕」字，以適應情勢之需。由此可知，所謂「僕」是掩入耳目的稱呼，實質上，是師是友，以禮相待。
在趙堡的資料中，也有楊邦泰給宦大海的歷代傳人世系表，其中對蔣發的傳文也寫有「際遇事敗，隱入陳溝，匿名為僕"兩派的史料相符，又有蔣發與陳王廷的共像，證明「隱入陳溝，匿名為僕」是事實。
至於說蔣發有沒有上山造反，沒有任何文字和證人為憑，只是傳說。假如蔣發一貫在家生活，年老無靠，理應由弟子邢喜懷，再傳弟子張楚臣養老送終，並應葬在趙堡。這才符合「一日為師，終生為父」的傳統美德。但是，並沒有邢喜懷贍養蔣發的傳說。蔣發葬在陳溝楊海窪，表示邢喜懷未有養老送終之事。這一現象，並不是說邢喜懷不對，而是蔣發造反失敗，在舊社會裡“成者為君，敗者為寇”，蔣發背上了很沉重的黑鍋，他不願連累弟子，也不願影響他建立的門派，寧願背井離鄉，流落外地。這就是他已經上山造反的後果。此外，在民不聊生的時代，邢、張等人，生活也是貧苦的，蔣發先到陳溝，獲得陳王廷贍養終生的禮遇，就不必
增加弟子的負擔，這是蔣發的自願，並非邢喜懷的過錯，後人會諒解的。
趙堡的前輩人，為了保存本派名譽，不願說出真相，將蔣發上山造反的歷史掩蓋下來，世代相傳。這是封建時代遺留下來的烙印。
今天，有人以「匿名為僕」為把柄，否定蔣發前半生的功績，是不公義的，是以宗派私心的歷史。對歷史人物的評價，主要看他一生對社會的貢獻，不在於某一時期所處地位的尊卑。因此，本文對蔣發的一生高度評價，是一位傑出的太極宗師。
蔣發
蔣發在陳王廷家生活，可能為報答其贍養之恩，對陳王廷學習太極拳的願望，也給予指導，並指導其將砲捶頭套改造為陳式太極拳一路，也授予雙人推手的技術，口授了王宗岳傳授的《打手歌》。由於陳王廷地位尊貴，對蔣發沒有拜師的追求，蔣發對非門內之人的傳授，也內外有別，未授太極內功和“王宗岳拳譜”，故陳王廷所得太極功夫，尚屬初級階段，不能傳子傳孫，形成兩個世代的斷代。但對陳溝村人，普及了太極拳的初步基礎，對其後世人，的追求和中興，也有一定的作用。
(附註：筆者是習楊式太極拳的學者，與趙堡太極拳無傳承關係。本文宗旨是站在學術立場，以消除唐、顧的誤導，還歷史以本來面目，沒有支持某派的用意。
is true for all disciples of Wang Zongyue and Jiang Fa. This is truen for s is sh. name added here? Because Wang Zongyue's boxing manual and techniques were passed down by the only successor, Jiiang Fa. Although on passed down by the only successor, Jiang Fa. Although on. Jiang Fa's only successor, Jiang Fa. Alhouthough yue Jiang Fa's only successor, Jiang Fa. Alhouthough yue Jiang Fa's efforts mote and shvvel't's 影響's vvvvvvis's efforts mote and shvvel't's 影響's vvvvvvis's Therefore, Wangjhoue't't. the master of Northern School Taiabout master of Northern School Tai, master of Northern School Tai, master of please see the appendix of this article:"A Brief Table of the Origin of Northern Tai Chi".
2. Jiang Fa's Early Activities (1574-1605)
(I ) Study on the Year of Jiang Fa's Birth
Jiang Fa was born in Xiaoliu Village, a few miles east of Zhaobao Town, Wen County, Henan Province. He was born in the second year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty (1574 AD). This birth year was confirmed by several bches the Zever such as the He Zhaoyuan branch, the Zhang Yingchang branch, and the Ren Changchun branch) as the secranch) the reign the reign of the Ming Dynasty. This is evidence left in written records in the history of boxing. It is the first-hand material passed togene geneby Jiang toth toth material passed to geneby Jiang; Fa himself to his disciple Xing Xihuai, and there about . some people were skeptical because they believed in the false rumors of the pseudonymous "Chen Changxing Preface" (abbreviated as "Chenyfaces"). The henson for leuple the final the is that the "Chen Preface" was spread earlier and had already 1990an read The credible historical materials of Zhaobao began to appear in 1935 when Duconnhua published "The Aentic Taiions 對Acc. know the truth before the "Chen Preface" that exposed the false rumors was published. Now, get is time to exposed the false rumors was published. Now, getit rid the f. truth.
Since the 20th century, rumors from outside have seriously interfered with Jiang Fa's era and historical facts. It is said that "Jiang Fa lived during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty" and that during the reign many famous people, and there is a pseudonymous "Preface to Chen Changxing" which uses Chen Changxing's own tone to say that he "received instruction from Jiang Fa for twenty years", making itous btable, Instruction from Jiang Fa for twenty years", making itous bronin , fal, finin Chenjiagou, left a message in Chen's "Wenxiutang Boxing and Weapon Manual" when he was eighty years old (1928), and the people of Jie Village could no longer say that "Jiang Fa was the teacher of Chen 低. enk Ming Dynasty, and "Jiang Bashi" (referring to Jiang Fa) lived during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. People from different times cannot be teachers. In addition, another legend was spread in 1984, saying that when Wu Tuen in penend was spread in 1984, saying that when Wu Tuen in aided was spread spened Changxing was middle-aged, he was practicing boxing with his sons, nephews and apprentices. Jiang Fa was watching and laughed. Chen Changxing went forward to chase him, but Jiang Fa turned around and felln to tnel the kell then to tnel the turned turned around and felln to tnel the kell then to tnel the turned then to tnel to the yang 相同down and begged to be his disciple. " can echo "Chen Xu" from a distance. There are three theories as evidence. However, the real information about Zhaobao Taijiquan was unknown before 1935. When famous masters from all wrian the an before 1935. When famous masters from all wrian
the saying of long 書 " wrian wr. spread. As the saying goes, "three people make a tiger", and many famous masters have repeatedly spread it for decades, which made the society believe it to be true. Later, Du Yuanhua's "Taijciety believe it to be true。 born in the second year of Wanli in 。
•
The so-called "Chen Preface" was not written by Chen Changxing. There is no such preface passed down in Chenjiagou, nor in the Yang family. It was passed down by Li style Tai Chi. Chenagou not noting by Li style Tai Chi. Chenjiagou does not recoize the saying that "Jiang the Faedenjiagou artpassed that "Jiang to enjiag . The generally recognized "Chen Family Genealogy" in Chengou wrote about Chen Changxing's master: "Changxing, the passing fanging, the passing . the skills passed down by his father, and his father Bingwang eived the Jixia
The "Wang Pu" obtained by Chen Changxing was passed down from Chen Jixia to Bingwang, and then to Changxing. There is also a joint statue of Jiang Fa and Chen Wangting in the ancestral hall of Chengou, which shows that Jich which ang Fa in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. It is impossible for him to live to the Jiaqing era (1796-1820) and pass it on to Chen Changxing. The Zhaobao Taijiquan School passed by Jiang Fa does not recoize the saying that "Jiang Fa表 話not recognize it, the "Chen Xu" from other
places is naturally invalid. The author personally went to Zhaobao to investigate in June 2001, and the locals unanimously believed that there was no "Qian Jiang Fa in long Jiang. "Qian . to Chen Xin's previous statements, he also said that Jiang Fa lived in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and was a contemporary of Chen Wangting. However, in order to cover up the fact that "Jiang Fa to Chen Wangting", he lied in his later years that Jiang Fa lived during the Qianlong period, and signaled the villagers not to talk about Jiang Fa teaching Chen Wangting. The original texts of his previous statements are as follows:
(1) In Chen Xin's “Chen Wang Familygyengy” (written before 1919), it says: “Wyuing and Liyuing and Liyu ain military candidate from Dengfeng, were on good terms. Dengfeng was in turmoil due to the oppression of officials.
First. The public stopped him, and when he went up the mountm, up the rained ups up the the mountain, but he could not hurt him. He met an up the the mountain, but he could not hurt him. He met an my, He met and he was unable to catch up with him after three rounds of defense. When he was defeated, a man named Jiang served him, who was the one he chased that day. He could chase a rabbitps and hundred ste steps also good at boxing. "The one name Jiang who ed steps also good at boxing. "The one named Jihim who ed steps also the ed to Jiang Fa. Chen Shaodong, grandson of Chen Xin, wrote an article in Wulin magazine, issue 12, 1992, page 6, confirming that "the 花who served 1992, page 6, confirming that "the one who pserved him Jil. "
(2) Chen Xin wrote "Discrimination of Boxing" on the second day of the ninth lunar month in the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928) (quoted from the Appendix of "Japanese Taijiq Manual" compiled ual He compiled from the Appendix of "Japanese Taijiq Manual" compiled ual He compiled page ). The full text is as follows: "In the previous Ming Dynasty, a father and daughter came from Yunnan to Shanxi and lived in Xiaowang Village, Fenhe, Fenzhou Prefecture. They passed on their boxing skills to their son Wang. (Note: Wang Zongyue, whose. in Dongyeue, whose. Yangcheng County, Shanxi Province, not Fenzhou Prefecture.) A Jiang surnamed Jiang from Wendong Liu Village (Xiaoliu Village) in Henan Province inherited his skills and was called Pu Well, this may be true, but it is not Who to say that Chen's uping that did Chen's boxing imitate? It is said that Taijiquan was created when Chen moved to the temperate zone. There were many people who practiced this boxing in later generations. For example, Wang Ting in the Ming Dynasty, Jing Bo and Ji Haoping in Qing D. were Xing Xi (Xi) Huai and Zhang Bo and Ji Haoping in Qing D. were Xing Xi (Xi) Huai and Zhang Zong later Chen Qingping and Niu Fahu were all famous masters. Chen Bixian did not know the reason and said that he learned it from Jiang, which is a big mistake。 from the pre-Ming Dynasty, not Qianlong.
(3) On September 23, 1988, Chen Xin left a message on the Wenxiutang Boxing and Weapon Manual, which reads: "Chen's boxing has been famous since the Yuan D. not taught by Jiang (Jiang Fa). By the time of Chen Zouting (Wang Ting), there were countless masters before the Ming Dynasty. After Chen Zouting, there were also countless masters. In short, Chen Zouting was a Ming Dynashow person Jiang Bashim. wrote "Ba Shi", referring to Jiang Fa) who lived during the Qianlong period, say that "Chen's boxing was passed down (inherited) from Jiang". This statement is completely wrong, and Jiang did not claim to be not
. the two texts, and Jiang did not claim to be not . the two texts, it can be 205in n texts, scan in Fa changed from a "pre-Ming" person to a "Qianlong" person. It can be seen that in order to bring glory to the Chen family, Chen Xin did not hesitate to make up lies to cover up the historical fact that "Jiang Fa taught Wangenangting boxing". Therefore, the villagers did not listen at all. When Tang Hao visited in 1931, the villagers still said that "Jiang Fa was Chen Wangting's teacher", which shows that the "Qianlong" statement is not enough.
As for the legend spread in 1984, it is said that when Wu Tunan visited Chenjiagou in 1917, Chen Xin told Wu: "Chen Changxing, a member of the Chen clan, led his sons, nephebox and the his sons, nephebox and appterices on. the autumn harvest one year. At this time, a man came to watch. When he saw the excitement, he laughed out loud. He knew that he was being rude and turned around and ran away. Chhimen that was being rude and turned around and ran away. Chhimened fier that. fier , he stretched out his hand and grabbed the man's shoulder. The man turned around suddenly and Chen fell out and fell to the ground. Chen Changxing got up and wanted to become his apprentice. This person was Jiang Fa, who opened tofus person in Xrentice person, who opens in washo opens. Master Jiang Fa, who opened a tofushop in Xrenti' on his way back to Henan to visit his mother and passed by here." This legend is also believable. However, Chen Xin's consistent guiding ideology contradicts this. Chen Xin wanted to bring glory to the ideology contradicts this. Chen Xin wanted to bring glory . denied the bring glory f that "Ji使用, that historbox, that the histor. ". Therefore, he would never make up a lie and admit that Chen Changxing's boxing was taught by Jiang Fa, a person of another surname. This would also damage the honor the enance family. Whether Chen Xin madesmed remark scan iat withr notcan made secondary evidence.
From this examination, we can conclude that Jiang was born in the second year of the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1574 AD), which is the banli period of the Ming Dynasty (1574 AD), which is the birth year passed downby hiple is the bjire 3 是 Fajple 3 是 Fajple to sh 3. his birth year passed down by Jiang Fa to his disciple hisihuate, and reacc
(II) Jiang Fa's apprenticeship, acceptance of disciples, and establishment of his school
When Jiang Fa was young, he liked martial arts and practiced external boxing. When he was 22 years old (1596), he was practicing boxing with young people in Zhaob Street. He hamened phuticing boxing with young people in Zhaob Street. He hamened Hehuhamia obmans inkotia in 它） He hanga ihion. He hangened jung people in Zhaob Street。 Yangcheng County, Shanxi Province, and his entourage. They were going to Zhengzhou to check their business and stayed in Zhaobao before crossing the Yellow River. They were also watching the young man practicing was was founding was was founding was was was foundtic was was founding was was was wasial that wasial found suitable for training. Moved by Jiang Fa's s. of Tai Chi internal strength, techniques and boxing theory, but also comprehensively trained in literary talent, Tai Chi philphy and martial arts ethics, literary amaster, Tai Chi philphy and martial arts ), 片場ple yial wasterary . 1603), he returned home after completing his apprenticeship. Wang Zongyue said, "When you return home, this art cannot be passed on carelessly. It's not that Ion''less pass it on's won thet pass it on to you, but I won to pass pass it person. If I find the right person, I will teach him everything. If I don't pass it on to the right person, it will be like having no descendants. It's better to pass it on to many people." Jiang Fa followed his teacher's order and looked for pple . In the second year of Yue (1605), he accepted Xing Xihuai from Zhaobao Street as his apprentice. There were successors from generation to generation, forming the ancient school of Zhaobao Tai Chi.caration to generation, Beca the ancient school of Zhaobao Tai Chi. was the first gene was the fircao was from Zhaobao, he was the first gene was
the first passed to the fourth generation head, Chen Jingbai, it was introduced to Chenjiagou, and Chen-style Tai Chi officially rose in the Qiciianlong erar. Yang and Wu all belong to the inheritance of Jiang Fa - X 6ihuang and Wu all belong to the inheritance of Jiang Fa - Xxihuang - Chen Jingbai. The predecessor Li Yishe said in the "Preface to Taijiquan" of "Five-Character Formula": "I don't know who Taijiquan? Its subtlety and ingenuity are explained in detail by Wang Zongyue! Later, it was introduced to the Chen family in Chenjiagou, Henan. There are only a few people who are wise and enlightened in each generation." The introduction of "Wang Puh" to Chenjii in in each heriang s in heriang; Fa, which is undeniable.
Zhaobao Tai Chi was passed down to the seventh generation headmaster Chen Qingping, who recruited many disciples and passed it on to Wu Yuxiang, who then derived Wu Style Tai Chi, and then derived Sun leancet. he is also the second generation master of Northern Tai Chi.
This historical fact exposes the fallacy of Gu Liuxin's claim that "the origin of Tai Chi in the world is Chengou". The are two key (1) Chengou's boxing skills and boxing manual were created by Chen Jrdin, the pled Fa. (
2) The Wu and Sun sects originated from the seventh generation leader of Zhaobao, Chen Qingping, and have nothing to do with Chenjiagou。
and prime years
(1605-1640) The middle-aged and prime years are the golden age of a person's career. This is also true for Jiang Fa's contribution. However, there are few records in the aotory of Zobocan obom the hican obcan the his 片. few records in the history of Zhaobao style boxing。 brief summary.
During these 35 years, Jiang Fa trained his disciple Xing Xihuai, who has become a successful successor. Xing also accepted his sworn brother Zhang Chu？ burden of promoting the cause of Tai Chi.
Jiang Fa focused on the research and innovation of boxing theory, and his main achievements include:
1. In order to boxularize Wang Zongyue's boxing manual, he wrote 37 boxularize Wang Zongyue's boxing manual, he wrote 37 boxboxing exations, whiched this set of boxing explanations "Tai Chi Fa Shuo" and his son Wu Gong
Zao published it in his 1935 book “Taijiquan Lecture Notes”. Yang Zhenji also published the copy kept by Chen and Yi fept by Chen and fso pubepted the copy kept by Chen and Yi fept by Chen and fept. by Chen and fso published the copy kept by Chen and per fept by Chen and fso published the copy kept by Chen and per fept by Chen and feptix of Yang Chengfu Style Taijiquan” in 1992 for the public to share. Modern boxers treas such thisman very. with Wang Zongyue's ancient manual to make it more brilliant.
2. The ancient name of ing, "Thirteen Postcainguan, "Thirtname reures", ancient" In Wang Zongyue's series of boxing theories, there is no name of "Taijiq", which are collective reirtue ". In the 37 boxing explanations written by Jiang Fa, there is no name of "Taijiquan", but the is "Taiji" very frequently, such as "Taiji Circle", "Taiji Advance and Retreat", "Taiji Up and Down Name Heai and Earth", "Taiji Advance and Retreat", "Taiji Up and Down Name Heaiji Body and Use Explanation", "Taiji Civil and Martial Explanation", "Taiji Understanding Strength Explanation", "Human Body Taiji Explanation","Taiji Divided into Three Forms of Civil and Martial Arts Explanation", "Taiji Zhenggong Explanation", "Big and Small Taiji" and so on.
Explanation of the "Thirteen Postures" boxing theory is guided by the Tai Chi theory. Using "Tai Chi" as the name of the boxing reflects its philosophy, which is more appropriate than naming the techniques "Eight Gates" and "Five Steps". Changing the name is the general trend. Jiang Fa said in "Explanation of Big and Small Tai Chi": "The world is a big Tai Chi, and the human body is a small Tai Chi. The human body is the body of Tai Chi, and it is necessary to practice Tai Chi boxing ." "Tai Chi boxing" is used here instead of "Tai Chi boxing", which means it is on the eve of changing its name to "Tai Chi boxing". The last sentence of the book says: "This does not use turbid force and is purely divine, and the effect is remarkable!
The master said and "Extremely soft " then extremely hard." This is what he meant. "Here, Wang Zongyue's famous sentence "Extremely soft and then extremely hard" is quoted, and Wang Zongyue is called "the master", so it can be known that the author is undoubtedly Jiangal. " and promoted them as the title "Taijiquan Theory", added the three words "This is the theory" at the end of the text, and attached a hundred chapters to the text saying: "This theory is veryvery important, and the word Kaiyuan is a foil. People who are not born with wisdom cannot understand it. The master was unwilling to pass it on casually, not only to select people, but also to fear that the effort would be wasted." This is the true portal，that the effort would be
。 . He created the Zhaobao Secret Boxing Manual, "General Song and Interpretation of the Body and Use" and "Diagram of the Origin of the Thirteen Forms of Taijiquan". (For these two manuals, please refer to the book "Study and Analysis of Du Yuanhua's "The Authentic Taijiquan book "Study and Analysis of Du Yuanhua's "The Authentic Taijiquan""" -authored by Wang Haizhou and Yan Hanxiu, pages 163-164 and 167) The manual notes "naming the thirteen forms", "this is the real secret", "never underr. , which is the secret of the secrets of the Zhaobao School. It is the result of Jiangvel Fa's secrets of the Zhaobao School. It is the result of Jiangvel creative of Jiangative of Wang Zongyue's boxing theory.
When Duanhua publicly taught this secret cuse at Henials Provins, this this secrets this this alvins） ？ secrets. Unexpectedly, I have now obtained the secret Tai Chi Boxing Explanation of Thirteen Types written by Mr. Du Yuwan (Yuanhua). Now that I am a fellow enthusiast,I feel that Tai Chi Boxing live that I am a fellow enthusiast,I feel that Tai Chi Boxing lives up to its livename." It can be seen that Jiang Fa made outstanding contributions in theory.
4. Jiang Fa was the first to transform the single-style exercise of "Thirteen Postures" Changquan into a fixed Tai Chi boxing routine by repeating " Changquan into a fixed Tai Chi boxing routine by repeating " Changquan gain : Inover Wang Zongyue's era, "Thirteen Postures" (ChChangquanave a routine.
In Jiang Fa's early work "Explanation of Fifty-three Postures of Changquan", he said: "Practice hard, one posture and one form at a time. After mastering them, combine them into a long one, continuous and mastering them, combine them into a long one, continuous and mastering them, combine them . so one, continuously and over and over again. Changquan. You must not have a fixed posture, for fear that after a long time you will become a slippery fist, or you may become a hard fist." This shows that Jiang Fa did not have the idea of have routine in the early s did not have the idea of creating a routine in the early stage.
In Ans: book Tai 1930, Chen Weiming wrote: "I heard that Tai Chi was previously practiced in separate forms without continuity. Itould be bnow the separate forms into one.
In my humble opinion, it proly started with Mr. Wang. Wang Zongyue, bem humble oai it proibabn Lun" 有various titles, which are connected as one. Therefore, Mr. Zongyue's contribution to Tai Chi Quan is extremely great. If it had not been connected as one, it would have been lost 長 ago."
From this, it can uan would have been lost 長 ago." From , 學術Lun" was given by Jiang Fa, and the various names attached to it must have been after the publicuanation of "Taijiq Lun", and, and gun", were not created by Wang Zongyue. When Jiang Fa entered Chengou in his later years, he helped Chen Wangting the firstand the first the first the first the first he helped Chen Wangting the firstand the first the first the first the first round of Chen style Taijiquan routines, and also created the "Gui Chezan" routine for Kaifeng Puji Temple. The creator of the 9earli Jiang Fa.
5. He created a set of "ghost-chezan" boxing for Kaifeng Puji Temple. According to the xiartic' "ghost-chezan"" published by Chen Xudong in the November 1988 issue of "Wulin" magazine, "Shanxi Dingxiang County
The "ghostly" ing aidniquen to have been created by Jiang Fa, a boxer from Henan. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qyiing Dangxi of the Qhung, ,t.來自Xiaowang Village, Dingxiang County, was sentenced to three years of exile in Kaifeng Prefecture because his uncle Lao Er years of exile in Kaifeng Prefecture because his uncle Lao Er someidentally to pay someone acc uncle's kindness in raising him, Song Benyi escorted his uncle to Kaifengturn to Kaifeng home his term expired. Song Benyi settled in Kaifeng Puji Temple.
One night, he saw monks practicing together and liked it very much. After saw monks practicing together and liked it very much. After saw monks practicing together and liked it very much. After several finists and turngether and liked it . " Shanxi."The time and space described in this article are similar to Jiang Fa's time and region, which is more in line with historical facts.
6. Jiang Fa also has some lost boxing manuals waiting to be excavated. According to the note at the end of Du Yuanhua's "Dajiquan Zhengzong", "Master Jiang's Taijiq Zhengzong 有 eightong diagram and the diagrams of the thirteen techniques he drew in his lifetime are only seen twice. He drew it once with my senior brother Chen Sidian. Chen has
adddrawings besides this one. My brother Liu Ying Sidian. Chen has saddrawings besides this one. My brother Liu Ying Sidian.a . Now I will print one volume first, and the rest are being compiled. "(Seal of "Yu Wan") From this, we can see that. volumes handed down by Jiang Fa, only one was 。 trace, which was a pity. According to the family history of Chen Qingping written by Chen Zhongsen (a retired cadre of the Justice Bureau of Jiaozuo City, Henan Province) to the Zhaobao Tai Chi Association on September 9, 2000, 20obao Tai Chi Association on September 9, 2000, 20ob dulife the Anti-Japanre Warring wasJaved that during the -Ja His grandmother Chen Li (Chen Qingping's granddaughter-in-law) sold a batch of boxing manuals handed down by Chen Qing to teacher Zhang Ruinan from the same village (now lostboxs ping to teacher Zhang Ruinan from the same village (now lostbox). -cirents that could be sold at a high price to make a living. Among them must be the secret manuals of Jiang Fa mentioned by Du Yuanhua. The one that can be seen now is a discussion of "Taiji Boxing" in "Taiji Secret in compiled" compilji Wanging" Secret" compiled by Baiqing. It can be seen that Jiang Fa was in his middle and prime years.
He has made many contributions to the theory and skills of boxing.
In summary, Jiang Fa was famous and accomplished a lot in his middle and prime years. How famous and accomplished a lot in his middle and prime years. However, dhistor the lackever. erialsiddle and prime years. However, due to the lack of historical erials. cannot be reflected. This section only describes part of it.
IV. Activities in his later years (from 1640 to the end of his life)
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the political 1 in poverty, and the ppleals . rebel. As a result, peasant uprisings arose one after another, with Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong being the most prominent. In Henan, as in the rest of the country, peasants were forced to
Rebellion. Jiang Fa could not survive in the chaotic times, so he joined the peasant uprising team led by Li Jiyu in Dengfeng County and served as a general. It was between 1640 and eng County and served as a general. It was between 1640 and eng County and served as a general. It was between 1640 and 1643. Laobtera, Kaobrals, Ka 是。 , Luoyang and Xiangyang to besiege. Li Jiyu failed and died. Jiang Fa fled to another place and hid his name. It was not until the early Qing Dynasty that he drifted to Chenjiagou and was takenou and was takening in drifted to Chenjiagou and was takenou and was takening by Changenting as Change was takenou and was taken by Changenting as by Changenting as Changh was takene by Changenting as by Changenting as Changh was taken by Changenting as by Changents as was tap by Changent as by Chang; once. Chen Wangting was friendly with Li Jiyu in Dengfeng and was ordered by the government to persuade Li Jiyu to surrender. When he went up the mountain, he fought with Jiang Fa once. Chen Xin recorded in "Chen Family Genealogy": "The Dukeonce. went to Ji Yu on good terms. Dengfeng was in chaos due to officials' oppression, with Ji Yu as the leader. The Duke stopped it. When he went up the mountain, arrows rained down from the mountain, but the Duke could not hurt him. He metsed him, but he could but the Duke could not hurt him. He metsed him, but he could not the Duke could up with him after three rounds of the imperial camp. When Li Ji Yu was defeated, there was a servant named Jiang who was the Duke's. He was the one he chased that day. He could chase a rabbit a hundred steps away and wasbox aling" Chen Wangting and Jiang Faere a hundred steps away and wasbox aling" Chen Wangting and Jiang Faere originally en ies. Jiang Fa in and support him in his later years? The reason may be that when they fought at Yudai Mountain where Li Ji Yu was, Chen Wangting felt that Jiang Fa's Tai Chi was mysterious and undic Wangting felt that Jiang Fa's Tai Chi was mysterious and undic Wangting felt that Jiang Fa's Tai Chi was mysterious and undi table incx the courtyard and also learn from him. It was beneficial to the Chen family, so Chen Wangting treated Jiang Fa as a servant and Jiang Ba Shi on the outside, and as a friend on the inside, in order to absorb Jiang Fa's knowledge.
Jiang Fa was old, in order to absorb Jiang Fa's knowledge. Jiang Fa was old, in order to his seventies, with no one to rely on, so he had to spend his later years in Chenjiagou for the rest of his life.
The author has investigated the predecessors of Zhaobao about this period of history. Some said that Jiang Fa did not participate in Li Jiyu's rebellion, that Jiang Fa did not participate in Li Jiyu's rebellion, . his family was poor, he also worked at Chen Wangting's house. This is inconsistent with the records of Chenjiagou. Whether he went up the mountain to rebel or not must be clarified.
The research of this book adheres to the principle of emphasizing evidence over legend. Regarding the rebellion in the mountains, there is the following evidence: (1) The Genealogy of the Chen Family: Biography of Chen Wang records: "Whenting records: "Whening records: "Whent0 Jiyu failed, failed man named Jiang served him. He was the one who was chasing him that day. He could chase a rabbit a hundred steps away and was also good at boxing." Chen Xin's grandson Chen Shaodong wrote in Wulin magazine, issue 12, 1992, conf Thiman was page 1992, page 6, confir。 none other than Jiang Fa." (2) From 1928 to 1931, the people of Chengou Village praised Jiang Fa as Chen Wangyan's teacher, and added to Tang Hao's statement that Jiang Fa was a geneer, and added to Tang Hao's statement that Jiang Fa was a general under Listate
. of Xi'an wrote to Mr. Chen Bing of Chenjiagou Taijiquan School to inquire about Jiang Fa's situation and whether there was any inscription left. Mr. Chen Bing replied: "The only historical evidence about Jiang Fa is the portrait of Chideent histor. wsaying in the that the wsayly is wsaying is wsayly is wsaying in vsayly or 書Jiang Fa was a general of Li Jiyou. When Li failed and was destroyed, Jiang took refuge with Chen Wangyan, and was a servant and frifriend at home and wasyan, and was a servant and frifriend) and wasyan Bashi outside. The "bashi" here refers to people who uch "wheel-drawn". When Wang Ting was painted in his old age, Jiang Fa said: After a hundred years, there will still be people to pay tribute to you, but I am the only son, who will pity my parents . Chen sighed that the fate was established by hisle the portrait was passed on. During the Republic of China period, Chen Zhengshu, the 17th generation descendant of Wang Ting, often went to Yanghaiwa to pay tribute to Jiang Fa. Because Jiang Fa had a common sty v. person of differancet not have imagined that there would be an artificial gap in the origin of Tai Chi, involving Jiang Fa. Because there is no inscription in the history book, and Jiang Fa's age cannot be verified, it is only known that that 區 were were contempen ; yan. Chenjiagou, sparsely populated, and accidents happen frequently. The villagers think it is a place of right and wrong, so after Jiang Fa's death, Wang Ting's descendants took him to the temple.
Buried here to suppress evil."
All the above materials unanimously say that Jiang Fa was a general under Li Jiyou. The senior villagers of Chengou respected Jiang Fa as the teacher of Chen Wangting and would not distort his his Btory。 . However, the official and contemporary descendants of Chengou have accepted the lies of Tang and Gu. Chen has gained vanity. Chen Bing could not say that Jiang Fa was the teacher of Chen Wangting. Hechange on d. servant friend inside and Jiang Bfri outside." inside" is inappropriate. "Servant" and "friend" cannot coexist. It should be "servant friend inside and servant outside, called Jiang Bashi". Influenced by the views of Tang and Gu, Chen Bing added the word " before "friend" to adapt to the edsneation of the situore "friend" to adapt to the edsneation. From this, we can see that the so-called "servant" is a title that deceives the ears and eyes. In fact, they are teachers and friends, and they treat each other with courtesy.
Among the materials of Zobao, there there the materials of Zobso, there theobre the erial of materials of Zobso, there theobre the erial of materials of Zobso, there theobre the erials of materials of Zobso, there theobre the erials of materials of Zobso, there theobre the erials of materials of Zobso, there theobre the erial the material materials of obao, there there the materials of obao, there there the materials of obao, there there the materials of obao, there there the materials of obao, there there the materials of obao, there there the materials of obao, there there the erials of obao, there there the materials of obao, there there the erials of obao, the erials of obao ofobao, there there the erials of ob , there there the materials of obao, there there the materials of obao, there there the al. a genealogy table of the descendants of Huan Dahai given by Yang Bangtai, in which the biography of Jiang Fa also states that "when he encountered failure, he hid in Cheure and serv anonymously." The historical materials of the two factions are consist. Fa and Chen Wangting, which proves that "hid in Chengou and worked as a servant anonymously" is a fact.
As for whether Jiang Fa went up the mountain to rebel, there is no written evidence or witnesses to prove it, it is just a legangend ways lived at home and was helpless in his old age, his disciple Xn is, discipleh ai,' Chuchen, should have taken care of him in his old age and buried him in Zhaobao. This is in line with the traditional virtue of "once a teacher, a father for life".line with the traditional virtue of "once a teacher, a father for life".line with the traditional virtue of "once a teacher, a father for life".line with the traditional virtue of "once a teacher, a father for life".line with the traditional virtue of "once a teacher, a father for life". there is no legend that Xing Xihuai supported Jiang Fa. Jiang Fa was buried in Yanghaiwa, Cheansngou, which means that Xing Xihuai did not take care of him in his old age and see him to his death. This phenomenon does not mean. . In the old society, "the winner is the king and the loser is the bandit", and Jiang Fa was burdened with a heavy black pot. He didlic potant to impate to pot. He didlic pot. He didlic pot. his disciples 或 affect the sect he founded, implicate his disciples or affect the sect he founded, so heal whis other places. This is the consequence of his rebellion in the mountains. In addition, in an era when people were living in poverty, X. Jiang Fa first went to Chengou and received the courtesy of Chen Wangting to support him for life,so there was no need to add
It was Jiang Fa's own will to add burden to his disciples, and it was not Xing Xihuai's fault. Future his disciples, and it was not Xing Xihuai's fault. Future generhimations forgive servihuai's fault. Future generhim will forgive servihul
. the reputation of their faction, the predecessors of Zhaobao were unwilling to tell the truth and covered up the history of Jiang Fa's rebellion, which was passed down from generation to generation. This is a legday, the
feu some people use "anonymous servant" as the handle. in the first half of his life. This is unfair and is a sectarian interference in history. The evaluation of historical figures mainly depends on his contribution to cie ) outnot out nothi not is fhis nothibution to cie s. certain periodates, slysh unykly sh ceroc55h ”cer 555h 53h 535,005 as an outstanding Tai Chi master.
Jiang Fa
Jiang Fa lived in Chen Wangting's home, and in order to repay his kindness in supporting him, he alearn gave guidance to repay his kindness in supporting him, he al. and guided him to transform the Pao Chui supporting him, he al. and guided him to transform the Pao Chui headgear into the firheadgear into the firirst style Tai Chi, and also taught him the technique of double pushing hands, and dictated the "Song of Beating Hands" taught by Wang Zongyue. Because Chen Wangting was of noble not seek to become Jiang Fa's apprentice. Jiang Fa's teaching to those who were not in the apprentice. Jiang Fa's teaching to those who were not in the apprentice. outside, and he did not teach Tai Chi internal skills and "Wang Zongyue Boxing Manual". Therefore, the Tai Chi Kung Fu that Chen Wangting learned was still primary stage and could not be passed on to his children and grandchildren, forming a gap between woeverd , it popularized the preliminary foundation of Tai Chi for the people of Chengou Village, and also played a certain role in the pursuit and revival of its descend Theautong
PS: a scholar of Yang style Tai Chi and has no inheritance relationship with Zhaobao Tai Chi. The purpose of this on le an academic standpoint to eliminate the misleading of Tang and Gu and to restore history to its original appearance. It has no intention of supporting any partic hularage Iope hicge youst youstall hular sup hular supicn wicwry youst而且.)
(作者：歐陽學忠)
一、六大派的共同祖師
蔣發，是北派太極第一代宗師王宗岳的衣缽傳人，對太極拳事業的承前啟後、發揚光大，以及理論的發展，具有不可磨滅的功績。他不僅是趙堡太極拳派的創始人，也是現代六大派(趙堡、陳、楊、武、吳、孫)的共同祖師，是北派太極的第二代宗師。
這個提法，也許有些人不理解或不同意。因為唐豪、顧留馨為了樹立清初陳王廷為太極拳創始人，把明代的傑出先驅王宗岳、蔣發完全否定或貶低了。王宗岳則改為清乾隆時人晚於陳王廷；蔣發則完全否定，突出地宣傳他是陳王廷的僕人和弟子，顛倒了師生關係。故後人鮮知蔣發一生的功績。現在恢復其名譽和功績，會使受唐、顧蒙蔽的人感到突然，一時難以理解。
吳式太極名家徐致一(1892-1968年)在1927年著《太極拳淺說》中說得很中肯：「三豐之後，得其真傳者，始以山右王宗岳見稱。王氏述三豐遺論，著《太極拳論》、 《功心解》等多篇，說理精妙，言簡而賅，今所流傳者，實宗其說
。王宗岳的功績；不承認者，僅唐、顧及其少數擁有權勢的後繼者。 。不像今天那麼公開，任何人都可以抄出或購買。因此，古之拳師、傳人，凡是擁有「王譜」者，均是王宗岳、蔣發的遠代傳人或門人。
六大派無不如此，為什麼此處加上蔣發的名字呢?因為王宗岳拳譜及技法是依靠唯一傳人蔣發傳下的。王宗岳雖另有兩個弟子(獨生女與鄭州孫某)，但都失傳了。若無蔣的努力弘揚發展，「王譜」也會失傳而束之高閣。因此，王宗岳的歷史功績，也包含有蔣發的功勞在內。把蔣發尊為北派太極第二代宗師，當之無愧。有關北派源流，詳見本文附錄：《北派太極拳源流簡表》。
二、蔣發的早期活動(1574--1605年)
(一)蔣發出生年代考
蔣發，河南省溫縣趙堡鎮之東數裡的小留村人。出生於朋萬曆二年（公元1574年)。這個出生年份，在趙堡一派內的幾個分支(如和兆元一支、張應昌一支、任長春一支)，均-致確認是出生於明萬曆二年。這是拳史中有文字記載留下的證據，是蔣發本人對弟子邢喜懷傳述而世代傳下的第一手材料，無可懷疑。過去有人持懷疑態度，是因為相信託名的《陳長興序》(簡稱「陳序」)之訌傳。信訌不信真的原因，是因「陳序」傳出較早，在1910至1920年已造成影響，趙堡的可信史料，是從1935年由杜元化發表《太極拳正宗》才開始問世。依先入為主的印象，在未有揭穿訥誤的「陳序」以前，世人是難以認識真相的。現在，應是去訥存真的時候了。
二十世紀以來，外地的訥傳，嚴重干擾了蔣發的時代與史實。蔣發親傳陳長興這些蔣發是清乾隆時人”，並說“蔣發親傳陳長興這些訥傳，出自諸多名家之筆，並且有一份託名的《陳長興序》，以陳長興自述的口氣，說他“得蔣發傳授二十年”，使人相信。此外，還有陳家溝名人陳鑫在八十歲時(1928年)留言於陳氏「文修堂拳械譜」中，戒村人不能再說「蔣發是陳王廷之師」 。年訪問陳家溝時，陳鑫、吳圖南說：「陳長興在中年時，帶子侄孫練拳時，蔣發在旁觀看，哈哈一笑，陳長興上前追趕，被蔣發一回身，摔倒在地，陳即跪求拜師。 」與「陳序」可以遙相呼應，有此三說為據，而趙堡太極拳的真實信息，在1935年以前，無人知曉。各地名家著書時，競
相引用「乾隆」之說，廣為傳播。言語曰：“三人成虎”，數十年來諸多名家的反复傳播，竟使社會信以為真，對後來杜元化《太極拳正宗》所出的“蔣發生於明萬曆二年”，反認為訥誤，或者看成太極拳上有兩個「蔣發」。
作者對此反複驗證，確認所謂“乾隆蔣發”，實無其人。因為：
1.所謂「陳序」不是陳長興所寫，在陳家溝沒有此序傳下，楊氏也沒有傳下，而是於李派太極傳出。陳家溝不承認“蔣發傳陳長興”之說，在陳溝公認的《陳氏家乘》對陳長興的師承寫道：“秉旺子長興，盡傳其父學”，是父傳之技，其父秉旺則受陳繼夏之傳。
陳長興所獲的'王譜”，就是由陳繼夏傳秉旺，再傳長興的。又在陳溝的宗祠有蔣發與陳王廷的共像，說明蔣發是明末清初人，不可能活到嘉慶年代(1796-1820年)而傳陳長興。趙堡沒有「乾隆蔣發」其人。
2.查陳鑫歷年言論，也說蔣發為明末清初人，與陳王廷同時代，但晚年為了掩蓋「蔣發傳拳陳王廷」之史實，謊說蔣發是乾隆時人，示意村人不得再言蔣發傳陳之事，其歷次原文如下：
(1)在陳鑫執筆的《陳氏家乘·陳王廷傳》(1919年以前寫)內雲:「公(王廷)與登封武舉李際遇善。登封因官逼民亂，以際遇
為首。公止之，上山時，山上亂箭如雨，不能傷公。趕兔亦善拳者也。 」文中的「蔣姓於公者」指蔣發。陳鑫之孫陳紹棟於《武林》雜誌1992年第12期第6頁著文確認：「這一位僕於公者，不是別人，正是蔣發。 」
(2)陳鑫在民國十七年(1928年)農曆九月二日寫《辨拳論》(引自和有祿編著《和式太極拳譜·附錄》第271頁)全文如下:“前明有父女從雲南至山西，住在汾州府汾河小王莊，將拳棒傳子王氏。之敬柏、季好平不可勝數。
(3)陳鑫在民國十七年九月二十三日，在文修堂拳械譜上的留言，內雲：「陳氏之拳，元朝已有大名，我始祖(陳卜)在明初即有大名。此言大為背謬，蔣氏實不稱與陳奏庭當老夫子。
從兩篇文字看，相距二十天，蔣發便由「前明」人，變成「乾隆」人。可見，陳鑫為了為陳氏增光，不惜編造假話，以掩蓋「蔣發傳拳陳王廷」的史實。因此，村人根本不聽。 1931年唐豪來訪時，村人仍說“蔣發為陳王廷之師”，足見“乾隆”一說，不足為據。
至於1984的年傳出的傳說，說1917年吳圖南訪問陳家溝時，陳鑫對吳說：「陳氏族人陳長興，有一年秋收後，率子侄、徒弟在場上練拳，這時來了一個人觀看，看到熱鬧時，失聲一笑，他自知失禮轉身急走，陳長興在後猛追，眼看趕上，伸手在那人肩頭一抓，那人猛一回頭，陳就跌出去摔倒在地。開豆腐坊的蔣發師傅，回河南探母，路經此地。但查陳鑫一貫的指導思想，與此相矛盾，陳鑫既要為陳氏祖宗增光，對「蔣發傳拳陳王廷」的史實，尚矢口否認。因此，他絕不會自己編造謊言，承認陳長興之拳為外姓人蔣發所傳。這也同樣有損陳氏祖宗之榮譽。 1917年陳鑫是否有此言論，無第二份旁證可印證，不能確認。
由此檢驗，可以得出結論：蔣發生於明萬歷二年（公元1574年），這是蔣發對弟子邢喜懷傳下的生年，確鑿可靠。
(二)蔣發拜師、收徒、建派
蔣發少時喜武，習外家拳。二十二歲時(1596年)在趙堡街與青少年共同練拳，適遇山西省陽城縣小王莊的太極宗師王宗岳一行二人，因赴鄭州檢查生意，在渡黃河前投宿趙堡，也在觀看少年的練拳。發現蔣發的習武資質良好，適於培養，在蔣發懇求拜師之真誠感動下，允收為徒，帶回陽城縣小王莊家中長期培養。經過七年的傾囊而授，不僅在太極內功、技法拳理方面得真傳，也在文才、太極哲理和武德等方面，全面培養，成為文武全才的北派第二代宗師。二十九歲<1603年)滿師歸裡。王宗岳矚目曰：「汝歸家，此術不可妄傳。並非教汝不傳，是不得其人不傳，果得其人，必盡情教之。若得人不傳，猶如絕嗣，能廣傳更好。閱二年(1605年)，收趙堡街的邢喜懷為徒。代有傳人，形成了趙堡太極拳這一古老的門派。因為蔣發是趙堡人，所以就是趙堡太極拳的第一代掌門。又因傳到第四代掌門陳敬柏時，此術傳入陳家溝，陳式太極拳在乾隆時代正式興起。
所以，陳、楊、吳三派均屬於蔣發-—邢喜懷-—張楚臣－陳敬柏的傳承。前人李亦畬在《五字訣》的《太極拳小序》中早已說出：「太極拳不知始自何人?其精微巧妙，王宗岳論詳且盡矣!後傳入河南陳家溝陳姓，神而明者，代不數人。
趙堡太極拳傳至第七代掌門陳清平，廣收門徒，傳武禹襄便衍生出武式太極拳，再衍生出孫式太極拳。六大派之遠祖均可追溯至蔣發。因此，他亦是北派太極的第二代宗師。
這一史實，揭穿了顧留馨宣揚的「天下太極出陳溝」的謬論。關鍵有二：（1）陳溝的拳技、拳譜，是蔣發的三傳弟子陳敬柏所
授；（2）武、孫兩派源出趙堡第七代掌門陳清平所授，與陳家溝無關。
三、中、壯年時代的活動與成就
(1605-1640年)中年、壯年時代，是一個人在事業上最輝煌的黃金時代。對蔣發的貢獻來說，亦應如此。但在趙堡派的拳史中，記載甚少。只能依靠現存的古譜分析，作一鱗半爪的整理。
在這35年中，蔣發培養弟子邢喜懷，已成才接班。邢又收盟弟張楚臣為徒。在門派的成長、鞏固方面，打好了基礎，弟子們分擔了弘揚太極事業的重擔。
蔣發的重點，放在拳理的研究、創新方面，主要業績有：
1、為普及王宗岳拳譜，撰寫了三十七篇拳解，深入闡述太極拳理，後人吳鑑泉將此套拳解，名之為《太極法說》，其子吳公
藻在1935年著《太極拳講義》中已公之於世。楊振基也：陳楊家所存的抄本，於1992年在《楊澄甫式太極拳》一書的附錄中全文刊出，供世人共享。現代之拳家，對此譜甚為珍視，可與王宗岳古譜匹配而生輝。
2、將古之拳名“十三勢”，改名為“太極拳”。在王宗岳的系列拳論中，都沒有「太極拳」之名，統稱之為「十三勢」。在蔣發所寫的37篇拳解中，也沒有「太極拳」之名，但「太極」二字，使用極為頻繁，如《太極圈》、《太極進退不已功》、《太極上下名天地》、《太極體用解》、《太極文武解》、《太極懂勁解》、《人身太極解》、《太極分文武三成解》、《太極正功解》、《大小太極
解》等等。說明「十三勢」這一拳理，是以太極理論為指導的。用「太極」為拳名，體現出其哲理，比起用叫「八門」、「五步」之技法命名更為適當。改名已是大勢所趨，蔣發在《大小太極解》中有云：「天地為一大太極，人身為一小太極。人身為太極之體，不可不練太極之拳。」此處用「太極之拳”，而不用“太極拳”，即是處在改名為“太極拳”的前夕。譜最後雲：「此不用濁力純以神行，功效著矣!
先師雲：『極柔軟然後極堅剛。 ’蓋此意也。 ”此處引用王宗岳名句“極柔軟然後極堅剛”，稱王宗岳為“先師”，可知作者是蔣發無疑。後來，蔣發將「王譜」中對三豐拳訣三、四之釋文，抽出來重點推廣，賦以《太極拳論》之標題，文末加上「是為論」三字，並立一附百於文後曰： 「此論句句切要，開元一字陪襯，非有夙慧之人，未能悟也，先師不肯妄傳，非獨擇人，亦恐枉費工夫耳。」這就是蔣發命名「太極拳」的真實寫照。
3.創編了《總歌兼體用連結》和《太極拳十三式手法起源之圖》的趙堡秘傳拳頭。 (此二譜參見王海洲、嚴翰秀合著的《杜元化〈太極拳正宗〉考析》一書第163～164頁及167頁)該譜註明「命名十三式」、「此是真秘訣」 、「萬萬勿輕視」等語，是趙堡派內秘中之秘。是蔣發創造性地發展了王宗岳拳理的成果。
杜元化在河南省國藝術館公開傳授此秘術時，館長陳泮嶺觀後評價甚高。陳泮嶺為杜元化作序說：「餘酷嗜拳法，歷訪名家，望得其珍秘，不料今得杜先生育萬（元化）所著秘而不傳的太極拳解十三樣，公之同好，方覺太極拳名實相符。
4.蔣發首次將「十三勢」長拳的單式操演，周而復始，改為定型的太極拳套路：在王宗岳時代，「十三勢」(長拳)是沒有套路的。
蔣發前期著作《五十三勢長拳解》中說：「自己用功，一勢一式。用成之後，合之為長，滔滔不斷，周而復始，所以名長拳。萬不得有一定之架子，恐日久入於滑拳也，又恐入於
硬拳
也。愚意揣之，約始於王先生宗岳，因先生所作《太權拳論》有各式之名目，系連為一氣也，故宗岳先生對於太極拳術，其功絕偉，若不連成一氣，恐早失其傳矣
。名目，也必是《太極拳論》問世之後的事，並非王宗岳之創編。拳最早套路的創編者，應是蔣發。
5.為開封普救寺創編一套「鬼扯攢」拳術。根據《武林》雜誌1988年11期陳旭東發表的《山西「鬼扯攢」》一文說：「山西定襄縣
流傳的「鬼扯攢」拳術，相傳是河南拳師蔣發所創。意一直護送叔父到開封府，並住下來行乞，等待叔父期滿同歸
。之'鬼扯攢'拳法，後傳至山西。
6.蔣發還有一些已散失待挖掘的拳譜著作。據杜元化《大極拳正宗》一書末頁的附言雲：「蔣老夫子傳太極拳正宗共八冊。餘所編皆係餘師任老夫子（任長春）所傳。其一生所繪總圖及十三
樣手法之圖，僅兩見。筆者曾托友人河南沁陽市張傑先生到杜元化家鄉，向後人打聽拳頭下落，均無蹤跡，甚為可惜。生活困難，其祖母陳李氏(陳清平之孫媳)將陳清平傳家的一批拳頭，賣與同村的張瑞南老師(現己散失)，這批拳頭譜，並非早已流傳的王宗岳拳頭，而是很有價值的秘傳之譜，才能賣出高價以糊口。論述。
對拳理拳功是有很多貢獻的。
綜上所述，蔣發的中年、壯年時代，是負有盛名，有不少業績。但因史料缺乏，未能反映全貌，本節所述，只是局部而已。
四、晚年活動(1640年後至終年)
明末，政治腐敗，民不聊生，官逼民反。因此，農民起義蜂起雲湧，以李自成、張獻忠為最。在河南也如全國一樣，農民被迫
造反。蔣發在亂世中，也難以生存，因而投身於登封縣以李際遇為首的農民起義隊伍之中，任部將。時在1640--1643年間，後因明王朝調動開封、洛陽、襄陽三路大軍圍攻，李際遇失敗身亡，蔣發亡命他鄉，隱姓埋名。直到清初，才流落到陳家溝，被陳王廷收留為僕。陳王廷與蔣發曾有一面之遇，即陳王廷與登封之李際遇友善，曾奉官府之命往勸李際遇投降。上山時，與蔣發交手一次。陳鑫在《陳氏家乘》中記有：「公與登封武將往際遇善，登封因官逼民亂，以際遇為首。公止之。當上山時，山上亂箭如雨，不能傷
公。，已是古稀之年，無依無靠，只好在陳家溝度過晚年，
以
終其生。人能百步趕兔，亦善拳者也。 92年第12期第6頁著文確認：「這位僕於公者，不是別人，正是蔣發。」(2)1928～1931年，陳溝村人盛稱蔣發為陳王延之師，而對唐豪所說又補充蔣發是李際遇部將。
兩項說法相同，又在1996年西安原寶山先生曾函詢陳家溝太極拳學校陳炳先生，了解蔣發的情況及有無碑文留下。陳炳先生回函答覆：「關於蔣發其人，唯一史證是陳王廷畫像。村中古今廣傳之說為蔣發為李際遇部將，李事敗遭滅，蔣投靠陳王延，內為僕友，外曰蔣把式。 '把式
'是指做工種田之人，
如'車把式'。陳王廷之師，不會扭曲他的歷史，可以相信。 ，只能改稱「內為僕友，外曰蔣把式」 。 「內稱僕友」二字不當，「僕」與「友」不能同存，應是「內為友，外為僕，稱蔣式」。因受唐、顧觀點影響，陳炳在「友」之前加一「僕」字，以適應情勢之需。由此可知，所謂「僕」是掩入耳目的稱呼，實質上，是師是友，以禮相待。
在趙堡的資料中，也有楊邦泰給宦大海的歷代傳人世系表，其中對蔣發的傳文也寫有「際遇事敗，隱入陳溝，匿名為僕"兩派的史料相符，又有蔣發與陳王廷的共像，證明「隱入陳溝，匿名為僕」是事實。
至於說蔣發有沒有上山造反，沒有任何文字和證人為憑，只是傳說。假如蔣發一貫在家生活，年老無靠，理應由弟子邢喜懷，再傳弟子張楚臣養老送終，並應葬在趙堡。這才符合「一日為師，終生為父」的傳統美德。但是，並沒有邢喜懷贍養蔣發的傳說。蔣發葬在陳溝楊海窪，表示邢喜懷未有養老送終之事。這一現象，並不是說邢喜懷不對，而是蔣發造反失敗，在舊社會裡“成者為君，敗者為寇”，蔣發背上了很沉重的黑鍋，他不願連累弟子，也不願影響他建立的門派，寧願背井離鄉，流落外地。這就是他已經上山造反的後果。此外，在民不聊生的時代，邢、張等人，生活也是貧苦的，蔣發先到陳溝，獲得陳王廷贍養終生的禮遇，就不必
增加弟子的負擔，這是蔣發的自願，並非邢喜懷的過錯，後人會諒解的。
趙堡的前輩人，為了保存本派名譽，不願說出真相，將蔣發上山造反的歷史掩蓋下來，世代相傳。這是封建時代遺留下來的烙印。
今天，有人以「匿名為僕」為把柄，否定蔣發前半生的功績，是不公義的，是以宗派私心的歷史。對歷史人物的評價，主要看他一生對社會的貢獻，不在於某一時期所處地位的尊卑。因此，本文對蔣發的一生高度評價，是一位傑出的太極宗師。
蔣發
蔣發在陳王廷家生活，可能為報答其贍養之恩，對陳王廷學習太極拳的願望，也給予指導，並指導其將砲捶頭套改造為陳式太極拳一路，也授予雙人推手的技術，口授了王宗岳傳授的《打手歌》。由於陳王廷地位尊貴，對蔣發沒有拜師的追求，蔣發對非門內之人的傳授，也內外有別，未授太極內功和“王宗岳拳譜”，故陳王廷所得太極功夫，尚屬初級階段，不能傳子傳孫，形成兩個世代的斷代。但對陳溝村人，普及了太極拳的初步基礎，對其後世人，的追求和中興，也有一定的作用。
(附註：筆者是習楊式太極拳的學者，與趙堡太極拳無傳承關係。本文宗旨是站在學術立場，以消除唐、顧的誤導，還歷史以本來面目，沒有支持某派的用意。
